Imperfect EPQ model for substitutable products with pollution costs under uncertain planning horizon Online publication date: Wed, 07-Feb-2024
by Raghu Nandan Giri; Shyamal Kumar Mondal; Manoranjan Maiti
International Journal of Operational Research (IJOR), Vol. 49, No. 2, 2024
Abstract: The investigation determines optimal pricing decision, greening level, production rate, and cycle length of two substitutable products in an imperfect production process over an uncertain planning horizon, which is taken as random, fuzzy, and rough for maximum profit. Here, products are manufactured and simultaneously defective items are detected during the screening process in the 'out-of-control' state at a random proportion of production rate, which are instantly reworked. The unit production cost is accounted for raw material, labour and energy, greening investment, and wear and tear costs. The carbon emission in the production process due to manufacturing, setup of the production system, and holding of items is considered in the model formulation. Also, the learning effects on the setup and maintenance and operating costs are introduced. The profit maximisation problem with some constraints is solved using a genetic algorithm with variable population and realistic suggestions for the managers are presented.
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