International trade in an imperfectly competitive environment: mandated counter-trade
by Peter W. Liesch
International Journal of Technology Management (IJTM), Vol. 5, No. 4, 1990

Abstract: The phenomenon of counter-trade is not new, but one new variant of it is mandated counter-trade. This recently established form is practised as an offsets policy. Offsets policies do not have a common set of objectives and administrative machineries, yet they do have common mechanisms of operation and a common rationale for their existence. They have been adopted by governments to improve upon deficiencies in the market mechanism as a means of facilitating particular exchanges. This paper presents four dimensions of mandated counter-trade: technology transfer, trade-related economic integration, counter-trade, and protectionism.

Online publication date: Mon, 25-May-2009

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