Modelling emission, concentration and deposition of sodium for Poland Online publication date: Wed, 19-Nov-2014
by Małgorzata Werner; Maciej Kryza; Anthony J. Dore; Stephen Hallsworth; Marek Błaś
International Journal of Environment and Pollution (IJEP), Vol. 50, No. 1/2/3/4, 2012
Abstract: The aim of this paper was to calculate natural and anthropogenic emission of Na+ and to estimate, with the FRAME model, annual air concentration and deposition of Na+ for the domain covering Poland. Calculations of natural emissions included marine emission and wind blown dust from land. Anthropogenic emission was calculated for both point and area sources. Emission maps were used in fine resolution atmospheric multi-pollutant exchange (FRAME) model, and annual average concentration and total deposition of Na+ at the 5 km × 5 km spatial resolution were calculated. A clear gradient from the north and north west towards the centre of Poland is observed for spatial distribution of air concentration and wet deposition of Na+, as sea salt aerosol contributes the majority of Na+ deposited in Poland. Comparison of FRAME wet deposition results with available measurements values indicates that the model is capable of reproducing annual deposition of sodium in Poland.
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