The dynamics of governance, tourism and environmental degradation: the world evidence
by Muhammad Haseeb; Sallahuddin Hassan; Muhammad Azam; Tulus Suryanto
International Journal of Global Environmental Issues (IJGENVI), Vol. 17, No. 4, 2018

Abstract: Efficient utilisation of scarce resources is always the prime aim of every state to ensure social welfare while maintaining a clean and green environment for sustainable development. Therefore, this study is an attempt to empirically investigate the linkages among corruption, democracy, tourism, and CO₂ emissions for selected disaggregate and aggregate panel data over the period 1995-2015. The FMOLS results indicate that the corruption and tourism at disaggregate and aggregate levels are substantial contributors of CO₂ emissions. These empirical results also reveal that corruption and tourism in low-income countries have a higher impact on CO₂ emissions compared to high-income countries. Besides, democracy in all panels except low-income countries has helped to reduce CO₂ emissions. Furthermore, tourism is undeniably a source of economic growth, however, it should not be at the cost of environmental degradation. Similarly, high endemic corruption needs to be controlled, and unregulated CO₂ emissions must be reduced to ensure sustainable development.

Online publication date: Mon, 01-Oct-2018

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