Title: Postal IEDs and risk assessment of work health and safety considerations for postal workers

Authors: Matthew Grant; Mark G. Stewart

Addresses: Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia ' Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia

Abstract: Postal improvised explosive devices (IEDs) provide criminals and terrorists with a convenient mechanism for delivering an energetic payload to an intended victim with little operational risk. Postal IEDs formed 7% of IED attacks reported in the West between 1998-2015, are often dispatched in groups and can bring postal systems to a standstill. Nearly 30% of postal IED explosions occur in the postal worker environment and a third of the casualties caused by postal IEDs are postal workers. Postal IEDs are debatably a reasonably foreseeable cause of harm to postal workers and should be considered under the work health and safety (WHS) constructs of many Western nations. This paper considers this problem, using a probabilistic risk assessment model to inform a cost-benefit analysis considering potential risk reduction options for postal workers. It identifies that the control measures identified were not cost-effective where only the direct WHS costs pertaining to unintentional postal IED detonation within the mail delivery system were considered given the risk levels identified.

Keywords: improvised explosive device; IED; terrorism; probabilistic risk assessment; work health and safety; WHS; postal bomb.

DOI: 10.1504/IJRAM.2019.101272

International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management, 2019 Vol.22 No.2, pp.152 - 169

Received: 15 Apr 2017
Accepted: 08 Aug 2018
Published online: 30 Jul 2019 *

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