Title: Attack resistance-based topology robustness of scale-free internet of things for smart cities

Authors: Talha Naeem Qureshi; Nadeem Javaid; Ahmad Almogren; Zain Abubaker; Hisham Almajed; Irfan Mohiuddin

Addresses: Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan ' Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan ' Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11633, Saudi Arabia ' Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan ' Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11633, Saudi Arabia ' Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11633, Saudi Arabia

Abstract: In internet of things (IoTs), the increase in the number of devices is directly proportional to the number of applications. The exponential growth of devices increases both the network complexity and risk against topology robustness. Moreover, the network is also prone to targeted and malicious attacks. In this paper, enhanced angle sum operation ROSE (EASO-ROSE), enhanced ROSE, adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) and cluster adaptive genetic algorithm (CAGA) are proposed to cater the topology robustness issue for IoT enabled smart cities. In addition, the proposed solutions keep the nodes' initial degree distribution unchanged by maintaining the scale-free nature of the topology. Enhanced ROSE and EASO-ROSE significantly improve the topology robustness by calculating the difference in nodes' degree while rearranging the surrounding angles according to the highest degree node. CAGA and AGA also significantly improve the topology robustness by using adaptive probabilities of crossover and mutation that guide both algorithms to converge towards global optimum solution. Extensive simulations are preformed to evaluate the performance of the proposed strategies. Schneider R is used as a performance metric in the simulations. The results depict that the proposed algorithms perform 61.3%, 48.3%, 45.5% and 34.95%, better than simulating annealing algorithm.

Keywords: internet of things; IoTs; topology robustness; malicious attacks; data driven; scale-free.

DOI: 10.1504/IJWGS.2021.118400

International Journal of Web and Grid Services, 2021 Vol.17 No.4, pp.343 - 370

Received: 08 Dec 2020
Accepted: 06 Jan 2021
Published online: 25 Oct 2021 *

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