Title: Privacy preserving reversible watermarking in the encrypted domain through self-blinding

Authors: K.A. Jeeva; V.S. Sheeba

Addresses: Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Vidya Academy of Science and Technology, Thalakkottukara, Thrissur, Kerala, 680 501, India ' Government Engineering College, Ramavarmapuram, Thrissur, 680 009, India

Abstract: This paper presents robust image-based reversible watermarking in the encrypted domain. Two algorithms with a high embedding rate are proposed for embedding data in a homomorphic-encrypted domain using the Paillier encryption scheme. Both algorithms exploit the self-blinding property of the Paillier scheme to accomplish flexibility in extraction. Using these algorithms, blind and error-free watermark extraction is possible in the plaintext domain and encrypted domain. The robustness of the algorithms has validated by considering various noise attacks in the encrypted domain. The proposed methods outperform its predecessors on the same embedding platform either in the flexibility of the extraction process or in the embedding capacity and find applications in privacy preserving distributed signal processing which is a major requirement in a cloud environment.

Keywords: privacy; encryption; encrypted DCT; homomorphism; Paillier encryption; reversible watermarking; self-blinding.

DOI: 10.1504/IJBRA.2022.121759

International Journal of Bioinformatics Research and Applications, 2022 Vol.18 No.1/2, pp.49 - 67

Received: 05 Aug 2019
Accepted: 04 Feb 2020
Published online: 07 Apr 2022 *

Full-text access for editors Full-text access for subscribers Purchase this article Comment on this article