Article: Characterisation of path loss models in wireless sensor networks: scenarios, variables, and open problems Journal: International Journal of Ultra Wideband Communications and Systems (IJUWBCS) 2022 Vol.5 No.3 pp.164 - 188 Abstract: Path loss models (PLMs) play a fundamental role in the deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) since they support tasks related to positioning, tracking, and power control, making the end nodes coexist in complex scenarios. Such models are used on design to choose the transmission parameters, guaranteeing that the waves can be demodulated at the receiver. Different models have been proposed to quantify the path loss for general applications; however, WSNs exhibit constraints that make its application unsuitable regarding prediction accuracy. These constraints motivate proposing niche-specific PLMs that meet the WSNs' requirements. This paper identifies the trends in PLMs for WSNs. We have found the variables considered in the models, typical scenarios, reference models used to assess each approach, the most used frequency bands, specific modulations, and the research opportunities and open problems. This characterisation helps designers to establish the PLMs to achieve energy savings, accurate positioning, and reliable links. Inderscience Publishers - linking academia, business and industry through research

Title: Characterisation of path loss models in wireless sensor networks: scenarios, variables, and open problems

Authors: Mauricio González-Palacio; Lina M. Sepúlveda-Cano; Diana P. Tobón-Vallejo; César Azurdia-Meza

Addresses: Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Universidad de Medellín, Carrera 87 #30-65, Medellín, Colombia ' Department of Accountancy, Universidad EAFIT, Carrera 49 # 7 Sur – 50, Medellín, Colombia ' Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Universidad de Medellín, Carrera 87 #30-65, Medellín, Colombia ' Department of Electric Engineering, Universidad de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 1058, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile

Abstract: Path loss models (PLMs) play a fundamental role in the deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) since they support tasks related to positioning, tracking, and power control, making the end nodes coexist in complex scenarios. Such models are used on design to choose the transmission parameters, guaranteeing that the waves can be demodulated at the receiver. Different models have been proposed to quantify the path loss for general applications; however, WSNs exhibit constraints that make its application unsuitable regarding prediction accuracy. These constraints motivate proposing niche-specific PLMs that meet the WSNs' requirements. This paper identifies the trends in PLMs for WSNs. We have found the variables considered in the models, typical scenarios, reference models used to assess each approach, the most used frequency bands, specific modulations, and the research opportunities and open problems. This characterisation helps designers to establish the PLMs to achieve energy savings, accurate positioning, and reliable links.

Keywords: empirical models; internet of things; IoT; path loss; wireless sensor networks; WSNs.

DOI: 10.1504/IJUWBCS.2022.126795

International Journal of Ultra Wideband Communications and Systems, 2022 Vol.5 No.3, pp.164 - 188

Received: 20 Dec 2021
Received in revised form: 30 Mar 2022
Accepted: 12 Jul 2022
Published online: 07 Nov 2022 *

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Title: Characterisation of path loss models in wireless sensor networks: scenarios, variables, and open problems

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