Title: Light entrepreneurship as a parallel staying strategy - insights from Tanzanian medical doctors

Authors: Maria Elo; David Ndikumana Emmanuel

Addresses: University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark; BRIIB Institute, School of Economics, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China; Åbo Akademi University, Vänrikinkatu 3B, 20500, Turku, Finland; Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, Rehtorinpellonkatu 3, 20500 Turku, Finland ' School of Public Administration and Management, Mzumbe University, P.O. Box 1, Mzumbe, Morogoro, Tanzania

Abstract: Africa faces numerous challenges such as retaining globally mobile talent and informal economies. Economic inequality leads developing countries to lose human capital, but research on staying strategies remains limited. This multiple-case study explores how Tanzanian medical doctors organise a sufficient income through parallel entrepreneurial activities with forms of light entrepreneurship. We present four strategies from intramural entrepreneurial strategy to extramural diversified entrepreneurial strategy that illustrates distinct contextual adaptations. These dual practices through parallel entrepreneurship enhance their stickiness to the context and profession, thus reducing brain drain. Such entrepreneurial strategies feed in towards upholding their primary profession, suggesting that informal entrepreneurial activity may advance overall sustainability of the society. However, parallel entrepreneurial activities require empowering capacity-building lenses and holistic policy approaches as they are linked to broader issues of local systemic viability and of talent retention in Africa. This study contributes to international migration-, human resources-, entrepreneurship- and sustainability management.

Keywords: dual practices; informal entrepreneurship; light entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial strategy; bricolage; medical doctors; international migration; human stickiness.

DOI: 10.1504/IJESB.2022.127562

International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2022 Vol.47 No.4, pp.548 - 570

Received: 16 Apr 2020
Accepted: 13 Jul 2021
Published online: 09 Dec 2022 *

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