Title: A new joint geo-opportunistic routing scheme in duty cycled internet of underwater things

Authors: Turki Ali Alghamdi; Nadeem Javaid

Addresses: Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Systems, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia ' Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

Abstract: The inefficient consumption of energy is a critical challenge in internet of underwater things (IoUTs) because of difficult replenishment of energy. It is possible to overcome this difficulty by introducing sleep-awake scheduling for energy conservation. In this paper, two schemes have been proposed focusing on energy efficiency: geo-opportunistic asynchronous sleep-awake scheduling routing technique (GOASST) and coordinated sink mobility-based GOASST (CSM-GOASST). By exploiting geographic and opportunistic routing paradigms, the advantages like path diversity and improved reliable communication have been achieved. Moreover, the coordinated sink mobility in multi-sink architecture introduced in CSM-GOASST exhibits potential in reducing end-to-end network delay. In CSM-GOASST, an optimal sink position helps to find the shortest path to deliver data to the destination. In addition, linear programming-based mathematical modelling is carried out for performance parameters to find feasible solutions. The performance of the proposed schemes is evaluated by performing extensive simulations.

Keywords: connectivity holes; coordinated mobility; fraction of void nodes; internet of underwater things; IoUTs; opportunistic routing; packet delivery; potential neighbour; sleep-awake scheduling.

DOI: 10.1504/IJWGS.2023.129340

International Journal of Web and Grid Services, 2023 Vol.19 No.1, pp.58 - 78

Received: 20 Jan 2022
Received in revised form: 15 Oct 2022
Accepted: 14 Nov 2022
Published online: 06 Mar 2023 *