Title: Last mile delivery of grocery bins in Paris: costs from routing strategies with autonomous delivery vehicles

Authors: Quoc-Thông Nguyen; Jérémy Patrix; Ouail Oulmakki; Diana G. Ramirez-Rios; Jérôme Verny

Addresses: Sofft Industries, 29 Rue de Montribloud, 69009, Lyon, France ' Opal Research, 4 Rampe Cauchoise, 76000, Rouen, France ' Neoma Business School, 1 Rue du Marechal Juin, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France ' State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA ' Neoma Business School, 1 Rue du Marechal Juin, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France

Abstract: Last mile delivery is a major component in the growth of e-commerce, especially in urban areas. The deliveries in dense cities cause serious issues such as pollution and congestion. In this study, we compare the financial costs of different last mile delivery strategies of grocery bins by autonomous delivery vehicles in a scenario in Paris. The optimal delivery routes are calculated with the real dataset in urban areas of Paris. We compared delivery costs by using: logistical costs associated with vehicles and human resources, location data with time window constraints for establishments in Paris, and delivery scenarios obtained by solving vehicle routing problems. This research considers an economic analysis of daily delivery to help fleet operators optimise their costs by using these autonomous delivery vehicles while reducing CO₂ emissions and congestion in urban areas.

Keywords: vehicle routing problem; cost simulation; last mile; autonomous delivery vehicle; urban delivery; clustering; emission.

DOI: 10.1504/IJISM.2023.132180

International Journal of Integrated Supply Management, 2023 Vol.16 No.3, pp.207 - 228

Received: 20 Oct 2022
Accepted: 15 Jan 2023
Published online: 12 Jul 2023 *

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