Title: Objectification and prediction of the subjective criticality of axle damages using artificial neural networks as well as multibody- and real-time simulations

Authors: Robert Schurmann; Alexander Lion; Bernhard Schick; Philipp Rupp

Addresses: Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, 38440, Germany ' Institut für Mechanik, Universität der Bundeswehr, München, Neubiberg, 85577, Germany ' Institute for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Connected Mobility, University of Applied Sciences Kempten, Kempten, 87435, Germany ' Institute for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Connected Mobility, University of Applied Sciences Kempten, Kempten, 87435, Germany

Abstract: For the assessment of axle damages, real vehicle tests have mostly been used so far, but they are dangerous and difficult to reproduce. Therefore, driving simulators are becoming increasingly important for the virtual rating of vehicles. Regardless of whether a real vehicle or a driving simulator is used, the prediction of the subjective perception of axle damages requires time-consuming driving tests. A powerful dynamic driving simulator is used to obtain subjective evaluations of various axle damages. Objective vehicle quantities are logged simultaneously. Subsequently, multilinear regression (MLR) models and artificial neural networks (ANN) are used to identify correlations and predict subjective evaluations based on objective data. Furthermore, real-time capable vehicle models in CarMaker and multibody dynamic (MBD) models in ADAMS/Car are used to virtually carry out driving manoeuvres and generate synthetic data. By combining the simulated vehicle data with an ANN, subjective driver evaluations can be predicted entirely virtual.

Keywords: ANN; artificial neural network; axle damage; correlation; driving simulator; multibody simulation; MLR; multilinear regression; objective metrics; realtime simulation; subjective assessments; vehicle stability.

DOI: 10.1504/IJVP.2023.133854

International Journal of Vehicle Performance, 2023 Vol.9 No.4, pp.376 - 403

Received: 18 Oct 2022
Accepted: 23 Jan 2023
Published online: 04 Oct 2023 *

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