Title: Over-the-shoulder coercion-resistant stake voting system with self-tallying

Authors: G. Pavithra; Kunwar Singh

Addresses: Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tanjore Main Road, Trichy, 620015, Tamil Nadu, India ' Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tanjore Main Road, Trichy, 620015, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract: Stake voting is a voting system where the vote cast by a voter is proportional to their account balance/asset value. We present the first implementation of a stake voting system with these features: full-decentralisation, self-tallying, coercion-resistance, over-the-shoulder coercion-resistance, universal verifiability, receipt-freeness, perfect privacy. We incline our explanation more towards: self-tallying and over-the-shoulder coercion-resistance. We believe that we have been able to fill two important gaps in current literature as: 1) most of literature uses the brute-force approach to self-tally which is very time-consuming and cumbersome when used for a stake voting system; 2) major part of literature discusses only about coercion-resistance and not much about over-the-shoulder coercion-resistance. Also, we have considered a stronger attacker (physically close to the voter for the entire voting process) for our explanation compared to other existing voting systems. Our application has immense value to the society, for instance, shareholder voting (synonymous to stake voting) is very common in all types of companies.

Keywords: stake voting; e-voting; self-tallying; over-the-shoulder; coercion resistance; universal verifiability; zero-knowledge proof; homomorphism; i-voting; blockchain; privacy.

DOI: 10.1504/IJBC.2023.138382

International Journal of Blockchains and Cryptocurrencies, 2023 Vol.4 No.4, pp.340 - 359

Received: 06 Oct 2023
Accepted: 25 Feb 2024
Published online: 01 May 2024 *

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