Title: Understanding and mitigating extreme rainfall events in Jeddah: a comprehensive analysis of the November 24, 2022, flash flood and historical trends

Authors: Raied Saad Alharbi

Addresses: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia; Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh, 12424, Saudi Arabia; United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Riyadh, 12424, Saudi Arabia

Abstract: In November 2022, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, faced a severe flash flood due to heavy rainfall. This research analyses the event, employing the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) model for runoff estimation and reviewing rainfall records from 1966 to 2022. Our findings reveal varied rainfall intensity across Jeddah, with the south and southeast experiencing the heaviest downpours. Historical analysis indicates a rising trend in daily maximum precipitation, suggesting an increasing flood risk. The study underscores the urgent need for enhanced early warning systems, drainage improvements, and strategic urban planning to mitigate future flood impacts. These insights are crucial for developing resilient infrastructures and adaptive strategies, contributing significantly to the city's preparedness for extreme weather events.

Keywords: Jeddah; runoff; Saudi Arabia; flash flood; runoff model.

DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2024.138718

International Journal of Water, 2024 Vol.16 No.1, pp.1 - 22

Received: 22 Sep 2023
Accepted: 05 Feb 2024
Published online: 29 May 2024 *

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