Title: Exploring the complex relationship between income and gender inequality on GHG emissions in EU countries

Authors: Mihaela Simionescu; Muhammad Zahid Rafique

Addresses: Faculty of Business and Administration, University of Bucharest, 4-12, Regina Elisabeta Blvd., District 3, Bucharest, Zip Code: 030167, Romania; Institute for Economic Forecasting, Romanian Academy, 13, Calea 13 Septembrie, District 5, Bucharest, Zip Code: 050711, Romania ' The Center for Economic Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China

Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between income, gender inequality, and greenhouse gas emissions in EU-27 countries from 2002 to 2020. The aim was to contribute to global climate change mitigation. The results indicate that, as the Gini index increases, emissions decrease. However, the impact of the gender pay gap is limited to higher quantiles and positively related to emissions. Other factors, such as GDP per capita, globalisation index, urban population, human capital index, foreign direct investment, and renewable energy consumption, have varying effects on emissions. These findings can be useful for formulating economic and environmental policies.

Keywords: income inequality; gender pay gap; Gini index; GHG emissions.

DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.139899

International Journal of Global Warming, 2024 Vol.33 No.4, pp.368 - 379

Received: 11 Jan 2024
Accepted: 25 Mar 2024
Published online: 09 Jul 2024 *

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