Title: Analyses of port infrastructure investment and shore power subsidy policies for inland container transportation network with CO₂ emission reduction targets

Authors: Zongbao Wang; Ming Zhong; Xiaofeng Pan; Xiaofeng Ma

Addresses: Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China; National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China; Centre of Excellence in Modelling and Simulation for Next Generation Ports, National University of Singapore, Singapore ' Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China; National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China ' Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China; National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China ' Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China; National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China

Abstract: This study optimises port infrastructure investment and shore-power subsidies considering the congestion at the bottlenecks and CO₂ emission reduction targets in inland container transportation networks. Firstly, ship visa and container truck trajectory data are used to develop queuing models for container trucks and ships at ports or ship locks. Then, a bi-level programming model is developed to optimise the policies of port infrastructure investment and shore-power subsidies. The lower-level model simulates the shipper's decision-making process using a multimodal multicommodity network equilibrium model, considering both generalised transportation cost and congestion effects. The upper-level model maximises the benefit-cost ratio of these policies, considering container flows and carbon emissions from the lower-level model. Finally, a real-world container transportation network is used as a case study to analyse the impacts of different CO₂ emission reduction targets, shore power subsidies, and OD demand on the optimal policies for network design and subsidy plans.

Keywords: inland container transportation network; bi-level programming; network design problem; shore power subsidies; multicommodity network equilibrium; CO₂ emissions.

DOI: 10.1504/IJSTL.2024.142364

International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 2024 Vol.19 No.1, pp.98 - 123

Received: 05 Aug 2023
Accepted: 27 Nov 2023
Published online: 25 Oct 2024 *

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