Title: Blockchain technology: applications, security and privacy, big data, challenges and future directions

Authors: Fadhil Mukhlif; Norafida Ithnin

Addresses: Computer Engineering Techniques Department, Technical Engineering College, Northern Technical University, Iraq ' Information Assurance and Security Research Group (IASRG), Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

Abstract: Blockchain technology is transforming industries by enhancing security, transparency, and efficiency. This review explores blockchain's growing relevance and addresses key challenges such as scalability, energy consumption, interoperability, and regulatory compliance, which hinder its widespread adoption. Although prior studies have examined blockchain applications, critical gaps remain. This analysis provides an in-depth review of blockchain in sectors like healthcare, digital identity, AI, and the internet of things (IoT), focusing on unique strengths and limitations. We also examine blockchain's synergy with big data, aiming to uncover new solutions to existing issues. Findings highlight the need for future research on scalability and reliability, outlining a roadmap to address these challenges. Our review seeks to contribute to blockchain's evolution by identifying essential areas for development, ultimately supporting its integration across industries for more efficient, effective solutions.

Keywords: blockchain; artificial intelligence; AI; big data; privacy; cryptographic algorithms; internet of things; IoT; supply chain management; security.

DOI: 10.1504/IJCCBS.2024.143214

International Journal of Critical Computer-Based Systems, 2024 Vol.11 No.3, pp.216 - 233

Received: 09 Mar 2024
Accepted: 14 Aug 2024
Published online: 09 Dec 2024 *

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