Article: Concurrent execution of transactions in blockchain: a framework for on-chain-off-chain nested contract processing Journal: International Journal of Information and Communication Technology (IJICT) 2025 Vol.26 No.1 pp.73 - 88 Abstract: With its natural benefits of decentralisation and immutability, blockchain technology has become rather popular in smart contracts, supply chains, and banking. It struggles greatly, nevertheless, in terms of scalability and transaction processing efficiency. Thus, in this regard, these studies present the execute-order-re-execute and validate (EOR) architecture to handle these problems. By means of off-chain execution, on-chain ordering, on-chain re-execution and verification phases, the EOR architecture maximises transaction processing, hence improving system performance and security. For nested contract concurrency it uses a two-phase locking technique, and for effective verification a lockchain architecture. Offering a significant means for extending blockchain uses, experimental results show a 40% boost in transaction processing efficiency, a 2.5% transaction abort rate, and enhanced system stability in high-conflict settings. Inderscience Publishers - linking academia, business and industry through research

Title: Concurrent execution of transactions in blockchain: a framework for on-chain-off-chain nested contract processing

Authors: Yufang Xie; Guoqiong Liao; Yinxiang Lei

Addresses: School of Information Management and Mathematics, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Jiangxi, 330032, China; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Jiangxi, 330038, China ' Virtual Reality (VR) Modern Industry College, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Jiangxi, 330032, China ' School of Information Management and Mathematics, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Jiangxi, 330032, China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, 330004, China

Abstract: With its natural benefits of decentralisation and immutability, blockchain technology has become rather popular in smart contracts, supply chains, and banking. It struggles greatly, nevertheless, in terms of scalability and transaction processing efficiency. Thus, in this regard, these studies present the execute-order-re-execute and validate (EOR) architecture to handle these problems. By means of off-chain execution, on-chain ordering, on-chain re-execution and verification phases, the EOR architecture maximises transaction processing, hence improving system performance and security. For nested contract concurrency it uses a two-phase locking technique, and for effective verification a lockchain architecture. Offering a significant means for extending blockchain uses, experimental results show a 40% boost in transaction processing efficiency, a 2.5% transaction abort rate, and enhanced system stability in high-conflict settings.

Keywords: blockchain; concurrency control; nested contracts; on-chain-off-chain.

DOI: 10.1504/IJICT.2025.144009

International Journal of Information and Communication Technology, 2025 Vol.26 No.1, pp.73 - 88

Received: 27 Oct 2024
Accepted: 25 Nov 2024
Published online: 20 Jan 2025 *

Title: Concurrent execution of transactions in blockchain: a framework for on-chain-off-chain nested contract processing

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