Article: Fabrication of one- and two-dimensional photonic crystals in phosphate glass substrates using ultraviolet laser holography and selective chemical etching Journal: International Journal of Nanotechnology (IJNT) 2009 Vol.6 No.1/2 pp.99 - 111 Abstract: The inscription of a one and two-dimensional relief periodic lattices in the Schott IOG1 phosphate glass, by employing a laser assisted selective chemical etching method, is presented here. A two step patterning approach is employed, wherein damage is induced into the glass volume by exposure to intense laser radiation, and subsequently, a chemical development in an alkali solution selectively etches the exposed areas. Two and four beam holography is employed for defining one- and two-dimensional periodic patterns, respectively. The exposures were performed by using the output of a high coherence 213 nm, 150 ps Nd:YAG laser; while the chemical developing was carried out in aqueous acidic or alkaline solutions. The periodic structures inscribed have periodicities of the order of 500nm. These Bragg reflectors are characterised by means of diffraction efficiency, and surface topology by employing atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. Issues related with the interferometric and wet etching processes are also presented and discussed. Inderscience Publishers - linking academia, business and industry through research

Title: Fabrication of one- and two-dimensional photonic crystals in phosphate glass substrates using ultraviolet laser holography and selective chemical etching

Authors: Stavros Pissadakis, Christos Pappas

Addresses: Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas, Vasilika Vouton, P.O. Box 1527, 71110, Heraklion, Greece. ' Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology &bndash; Hellas, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 71003, Heraklion, Greece

Abstract: The inscription of a one and two-dimensional relief periodic lattices in the Schott IOG1 phosphate glass, by employing a laser assisted selective chemical etching method, is presented here. A two step patterning approach is employed, wherein damage is induced into the glass volume by exposure to intense laser radiation, and subsequently, a chemical development in an alkali solution selectively etches the exposed areas. Two and four beam holography is employed for defining one- and two-dimensional periodic patterns, respectively. The exposures were performed by using the output of a high coherence 213 nm, 150 ps Nd:YAG laser; while the chemical developing was carried out in aqueous acidic or alkaline solutions. The periodic structures inscribed have periodicities of the order of 500nm. These Bragg reflectors are characterised by means of diffraction efficiency, and surface topology by employing atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. Issues related with the interferometric and wet etching processes are also presented and discussed.

Keywords: photonic crystals; Bragg gratings; phosphate glass; laser nanostructuring; nanostructures; wet etching processing; nanotechnology; Greece; ultraviolet laser holography; selective chemical etching; relief periodic lattices.

DOI: 10.1504/IJNT.2009.021710

International Journal of Nanotechnology, 2009 Vol.6 No.1/2, pp.99 - 111

Published online: 30 Nov 2008 *

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Title: Fabrication of one- and two-dimensional photonic crystals in phosphate glass substrates using ultraviolet laser holography and selective chemical etching

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