Title: Novel reversible watermarking scheme for authentication of military images

Authors: Govindarajan Yamuna, Dakshinamurthi Sivakumar

Addresses: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India. ' Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract: This paper presents a novel reversible watermarking scheme based on histogram modification for the authentication of military images. The Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC) of the image is computed and embedded into the image for authentication. Based on a criterion, the distinct pixel values with Non-Zero Frequencies of the histogram are selected for embedding watermark bits and the preferred pixel values are stored as a key. This key is used for both the watermark extraction and the original image restoration. The bits of extracted HMAC from the marked image and HMAC of the restored image are compared for authentication.

Keywords: digital watermarking; reversible watermarking; military imaging; HMAC; hash message authentication code; histogram modification; military images; watermark extraction; image restoration; security.

DOI: 10.1504/IJSISE.2009.033725

International Journal of Signal and Imaging Systems Engineering, 2009 Vol.2 No.3, pp.134 - 140

Received: 16 Dec 2008
Accepted: 18 May 2009
Published online: 29 Jun 2010 *

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