Title: A black hole attack model using topology approximation for reactive ad-hoc routing protocols

Authors: Christopher W. Badenhop; Barry E. Mullins

Addresses: Air Force Research Laboratory, 2241 Avionics Circle, OH 45434, USA ' Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, 2950 Hobson Way, AFIT/ENG, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7765, USA

Abstract: This paper examines one particular network degradation attack, the Black Hole attack, to determine if an analytical model can be used to predict the impact of this attack on ad-hoc networks. An analytical Black Hole attack model is developed for reactive ad-hoc network protocols dynamic source routing (DSR) and ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV). Hypercube topologies are used to approximate prototypical ad-hoc topologies to derive the hopdistance density function for selected topology classes. An experiment is conducted to compare the expected packet loss of the analytical model against simulated Black Hole attacks on a variety of topology classes. The results show that the model describes the general order of growth for packet loss as a function of the number of Black Holes in a given network. ANOVA tests identify that the relative location of the Black Hole, source, and destination within a topology significantly impacts the packet loss performance of a Black Hole attack.

Keywords: black hole attacks; network availability modelling; network topology approximation; reactive ad-hoc routing; ad-hoc network protocols; performance analysis; network security; ad-hoc networks; routing protocols; analytical modelling; dynamic source routing; DSR; ad-hoc on-demand distance vector; AODV; hypercube topologies; ANOVA; packet loss; simulation.

DOI: 10.1504/IJSN.2014.060755

International Journal of Security and Networks, 2014 Vol.9 No.2, pp.63 - 77

Received: 04 Oct 2012
Accepted: 02 Oct 2013
Published online: 30 Apr 2015 *

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