Title: Fabrication of large diameter TiO₂ nanotube for bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery

Authors: Kun Liang; Xiaocheng Li; Beng Kang Tay

Addresses: NOVITAS, Nanoelectronics Center of Excellence, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore ' Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China ' NOVITAS, Nanoelectronics Center of Excellence, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore

Abstract: A localised and release-controlled carrier is essential to enhance the effectiveness of bone morphogenetic protein in bone regeneration and repair. In this work, TiO₂ nanotubes with diameter larger than 350 nm were successfully fabricated for the first time by electrochemical method using diethylene glycol electrolyte. The diameter of the nanotubes reaches 550 nm and 680 nm at 90 V and 100 V, respectively. Their influences for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) delivery were investigated. In the study of protein release, fabricated TiO₂ nanotubes have shown superhydrophilic properties that induce tight interaction with BMP-2. The release profile of the TiO₂ nanotubes demonstrated a larger retention of protein, a more significant suppression of the initial burst and a better retardation of the release rate. Elution profile was also found to be dependent greatly on the density and the diameter of the nanotubes. Results have shown that the initial burst was larger for nanotubes with lower density and more proteins were released from nanotubes with larger diameter for the whole elution process.

Keywords: TiO2 nanotubes; titanium dioxide; titania; large diameter; anodisation; electrochemical; BMP-2 delivery; protein elution; nanotechnology; localised carriers; release-controlled carriers; bone morphogenetic protein; bone regeneration; bone repair; diethylene glycol electrolyte; protein release.

DOI: 10.1504/IJNT.2014.065136

International Journal of Nanotechnology, 2014 Vol.11 No.12, pp.1097 - 1109

Published online: 06 Feb 2015 *

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