Title: Security of energy supply in Japan: a key strategy and solutions

Authors: Leman Erdal; Ali Osman Pektaş; Omer Ozkan; Filiz Özkan

Addresses: Department of Labor Economics and Industrial Relations, Adnan Menderes University, 09860, Nazilli, Turkey ' Department of Environmental Engineering, Bahcesehir University, 34349 Beşiktaş, İstanbul, Turkey ' Department of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700, Istanbul, Turkey ' Department of Financial Econometric, Sakarya University, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey

Abstract: Energy is essential for goods and services. Japan's economy is dependent on imported energy which is 85% per year, the highest percentage among industrialised nations. The study measures energy supply security (ESS). Four indices; dependency index, intensity index, local production index and composite index are constructed and statistical models are formed out to investigate the significance and the sensitivities between the ESS indexes and the input parameters that are; petroleum prices (PP), gross domestic products (GDP), total primary energy supply (TPES), energy consumption (PCEC), renewable energy (REN), CO₂ emissions (CEM), population (P), traffic volume (TV), human development index (HDI) and mean of democracy indexes of energy suppliers (DI). A comprehensive methodology is used with five statistical procedures including simple correlation analysis, multiple linear regression models, stepwise multiple linear regression model, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Empirical results indicate that PCEC, P and HDI have significant effect on ESS.

Keywords: Japan; energy supply; energy security; ESS; energy imports; principal component analysis; PCA; cluster analysis; linear regression; statistical modelling; petroleum prices; oil prices; gross domestic products; GDP; total primary energy supply; energy consumption; renewable energy; carbon emissions; population; traffic volume; human development index.

DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2015.067416

International Journal of Global Warming, 2015 Vol.7 No.1, pp.128 - 159

Received: 09 Jul 2013
Accepted: 20 Oct 2013
Published online: 11 Feb 2015 *

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