Title: Reducing seasonality through private and public investment: tourism in Okinawa's off season

Authors: Kenichi Ohkita; Kazumitsu Minamikawa

Addresses: Graduate School of Management, Kagawa University, 2-1 Saiwai-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 760-8523, Japan ' Department of Business Administration, Nanzan University, Yamazatocho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8673, Japan

Abstract: Seasonality is one of the most problematic aspects of tourism. The private and public incentives are studied to reduce seasonality by improving the utility of the low season while also considering joint purchasing. It is found that the optimal investment to reduce seasonality when maximising private profit is lower than or equal to when maximising social welfare. Findings are supported by the off season of Okinawa, Japan.

Keywords: off season tourism; seasonality; private investment; public investment; joint purchasing; off season events; baseball training camps; spring training camps; institutional second peak; Okinawa; Japan; social welfare; private profit.

DOI: 10.1504/WREMSD.2017.080736

World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 2017 Vol.13 No.1, pp.1 - 9

Received: 27 Nov 2014
Accepted: 03 Dec 2014
Published online: 06 Dec 2016 *

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