International Journal of Environment and Pollution (11 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Open Access

  Green logistics distribution route algorithm based on carbon emissions optimisation ( Free Full-text Access )

  by Lin Zhu, Chulv Sun 
  Abstract: Aiming at the problems of high carbon emissions (CE) and low optimisation efficiency in green logistics distribution (LD) path optimisation, this paper takes CE as the goal and introduces an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) to dynamically adjust the crossover and mutation probabilities, reduce CE, and improve the global search capability and convergence speed. This paper first constructs an optimisation model based on the basic data of the LD network, and then constructs a carbon emission optimisation model based on fuel consumption and CE taking into account time windows and traffic constraints. Finally, this paper analyses the performance of genetic algorithm (GA), ant colony algorithm (ACO), particle swarm algorithm (PSO) and AGA algorithm in carbon emission reduction and path optimisation by comparing their optimisation results. The results show that the AGA algorithm performs well in all test scenarios, successfully reduces CE, and significantly shortens the delivery route.
  Keywords: green logistics; distribution route; route optimisation; carbon emissions; AGA; adaptive genetic algorithm; optimise efficiency.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2025.10074264
   
  

• Open Access

  Using soil water content and energy balance model to promote sustainable development of green and low-carbon economy ( Free Full-text Access )

  by Junyi Cao 
  Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of low-carbon economy (LCE) policies and explore their practical applications in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting efficient resource utilisation. This study uses an ecological footprint calculation method based on the energy balance (EB) model to conduct a comparative experimental analysis on two regions that implement general economic policies and low-carbon economic policies, respectively. The research results show that between 2020 and 2024, carbon dioxide emissions from manufacturing and agriculture in regions implementing low-carbon economic policies increased by 3.97% and 4.02% respectively, significantly lower than the 7.78% and 8.97% increases in regions implementing general economic policies. Meanwhile, the growth rate of water consumption was also slower. Furthermore, low-carbon energy policies had a relatively small impact on total output, indicating that they can effectively reduce the environmental burden while ensuring economic growth.
  Keywords: LCE; low-carbon economy; energy balance; sustainable development; green industry.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2025.10074681
   
  

• Open Access

  Evaluation of petroleum safety management system based on embedded intelligent image sensor ( Free Full-text Access )

  by Shunzheng Jia, Nan Sun, Fangting Jia 
  Abstract: With the development of optical engineering, the application of embedded sensors in petroleum development has become a research hotspot in the field of petroleum extraction. Embedded intelligent image sensors can detect differences in oil reflection in the visible light wavelength range. Based on the test results, a program for the petroleum safety management system can be designed. This paper uses embedded intelligent image sensor technology to construct a petroleum safety management system. This paper first introduces the requirements of the petroleum safety management system and optimises it using embedded intelligent image sensors. Finally, the feasibility of the system is verified through experiments. Experimental data shows that the system achieves functional efficiencies of 0.825, 0.814, 0.793, 0.841, and 0.832 in personnel safety management, equipment safety management, material safety management, operational process safety management, and scheduling safety management, respectively. These data indicate that the system can allocate different security management contents reasonably
  Keywords: petroleum development; security management system; intelligent image sensor; efficiency index; petroleum development; embedded sensors.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2026.10075433
   
  

• Open Access

  State diagnosis technology of metal enclosed gas insulation equipment based on Apriori algorithm in cloud computing environment ( Free Full-text Access )

  by Jiayi Wang, Yuan Fang, Shaoqing Chen, Zongxi Zhang, Dianbo Zhou, Yuhang He, Jing Zhang 
  Abstract: In recent years, with the increasing failure rate of GIS, there has been a growing need for people to understand the most common insulator issues. Therefore, real-time monitoring of its operating status is crucial to ensure the safe and reliable operation of power lines. This study proposes the use of Apriori algorithm (CFSA-AA) for cloud based fault state analysis to predict discharge faults, mechanical faults, and abnormal mechanical vibrations in metal enclosed GIS. This data is sourced from the Kaggle repository used for VSB power line fault detection. This study summarises GIS abnormal heating faults, including circuit breakers, isolating switches, shell grounding, and disc insulator bolts. The experimental results show that compared with other existing models, the proposed CFSA-AA model improves the accuracy of fault diagnosis to 98.9%, pattern discovery rate to 97.4%, operating state detection rate to 95.6%, Mattew correlation coefficient ratio to 96.4%, and error rate to 7.4%.
  Keywords: state diagnosis; metal enclosed gas insulation equipment; Apriori algorithm; cloud computing; fault detection; transmission lines.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2026.10075463
   
  

• Open Access

  Carbon reduction coordination and pricing strategy of a four-level supply chain under demand uncertainty ( Free Full-text Access )

  by Qiang Shen, Xiuyun Hou 
  Abstract: This study centres on how demand uncertainty impacts emission reduction in supply chains, premised on the Stackelberg game model. It delves into the collaborative emission reduction and pricing strategies of a four echelon supply chain, including suppliers, producers, retailers and consumers, and meticulously examines the function of producers carbon emission reduction subsidies and low carbon product promotion subsidies in this process. The findings indicate that producers reduction subsidies to suppliers and promotion subsidies to retailers play a coordinating role in supply chain emission reduction and product pricing, either directly or indirectly. The promotion subsidy for products with lower carbon emissions strengthens retailers efforts to promote them and increases retail prices. Although these subsidies might lower producers emission reduction levels and raise wholesale prices, they enhance the entire supply chain systems emission reduction.
  Keywords: four-level supply chain; mission reduction subsidies; promotion subsidies; collaborative emission reduction.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2025.10075469
   
  

• Open Access

  Investigation into sustainable development of ecological environment and economic technology in the context of supply chain management ( Free Full-text Access )

  by Yanlong Zhao, Xuebo Yan 
  Abstract: This study aims to explore the synergistic optimisation effect of green supply chain management on ecological environment and economic sustainable development, and reveal its practical value in reducing resource consumption and environmental pollution. This paper compares the environmental-economic sustainable development under traditional supply chain management models and green supply chain management models. The experimental results show that in the Yangtze River Delta region, the average wastewater discharge of the traditional supply chain management model is 1.745 billion tons, while the average wastewater discharge of the green supply chain management model is 1.42 billion tons; in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region, the average wastewater discharge of the traditional supply chain management model is 1.45 billion tons, while the average wastewater discharge of the green supply chain management model is 965 million tons. Therefore, applying green supply chain management in the sustainable development of environment and economy can effectively reduce wastewater emissions.
  Keywords: sustainable development; economic technology; ecological environment; supply chain management; analytic hierarchy process.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2026.10075610
   
  

• Open Access

  Innovation-driven development path of the new energy industry based on immune optimisation and simulated annealing algorithm ( Free Full-text Access )

  by Xiaosi Xu, Yinghui Liu, Ying Chen 
  Abstract: This study constructs a hybrid intelligent decision-making model that combines immune optimisation algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm to address challenges faced by innovative new energy industry systems, such as ambiguous path planning and suboptimal resource allocation. Comparative experiments have shown that in the product development cycle, the average task duration has been reduced from 43.6 days using traditional methods to 34.6 days, resulting in a 20.6% increase in efficiency. In terms of supply chain optimisation, for silicone suppliers, the efficiency of supplier identification process has increased by 34.5%, while for other key raw material suppliers, the average search time has been reduced by 36%. This model combines the global search capability of immune algorithms with the local optimisation of simulated annealing, effectively balancing technological innovation and market efficiency, providing a scientific path planning and decision support tool for innovation driven development in the new energy industry.
  Keywords: new energy industry; innovation driven development; management decision; immune optimisation algorithm; path optimisation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2025.10076142
   
  

• Open Access

  Environmental risk assessment and early warning system construction for forest tourism sites under the background of climate change ( Free Full-text Access )

  by Guangwei Wang 
  Abstract: Under climate change, forest tourism sites face increased risks from extreme weather like heavy rainfall and typhoons, leading to landslides, vegetation degradation, and safety issues. Current models struggle to accurately assess these risks due to a lack of asynchronous and multi-scale temporal dynamics understanding. This paper proposes a risk assessment and early warning method using a multi-channel long short-term memory (LSTM) network and an asynchronous attention alignment mechanism. This approach enhances the perception of early nonlinear signals of extreme events. A multi-level responsive early warning model is built to achieve spatiotemporal risk mapping. Results show an area under curve (AUC) of 0.874, F1 value of 0.817, and a median early recognition time of 3.4 h, significantly outperforming existing models. The model achieves an 83.6% detection success rate within 1 h of events, with a 23.9
  Keywords: climate change; forest tourism sites; environmental risk assessment; multi-channel long short-term memory; asynchronous attention mechanism.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2025.10076143
   
  

• Open Access

  Public service system for green and sustainable development in marketing based on blockchain technology ( Free Full-text Access )

  by Baitong Zhang 
  Abstract: This paper introduced the significance of green and sustainable marketing and the strategies for green marketing. It then indicated that green marketing requires the establishment of a complete public service system, and analysed multiple factors. It also indicated that the development of a green and sustainable marketing public service system should be combined with Internet of Things (IoT) technology, automated marketing public service system should be constructed. Subsequently, blockchain technology (BT) was introduced. The paper introduced its core technologies, including the consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, and smart contract. It analysed their application in the green and sustainable development (SD) of the marketing public service system. In the simulation experiment section, the effectiveness of the green marketing public service platform system based on a blockchain mechanism was tested across three aspects: the transaction volume per second over a given time period, the number of successful and failed system links to customers.
  Keywords: sustainable development; green marketing; blockchain technology; public service system; IoT; Internet of Things.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2026.10076322
   
  

• Open Access

  Monitoring and sustainable management of soil microbial environmental quality based on machine learning ( Free Full-text Access )

  by Miao Wang, Yu Zhang, Zeyu Wang, Yuxin Zhang, Yankui Chen, Jiao Zhang, Yu Zhang 
  Abstract: Soil microbial environmental quality is an essential indicator of ecosystem health and agricultural productivity. However, current monitoring and management face challenges, including difficulty in integrating multi-source data and the poor sustainability of management measures. To address these issues, this article investigated a comprehensive method based on multimodal learning and graph neural network (GNN). By utilising multimodal learning models, multiple data sources including microbial sequencing, soil physicochemical properties, and climate data were integrated, and the features of each modality were extracted and fused. Using a GNN, the complex relationships between microorganisms and environmental factors were modelled to generate reliable predictions of ecological quality. Based on the predicted results, an adaptive management framework was designed to adjust management measures using real-time monitoring data dynamically. Finally, automatic optimisation of management strategies was achieved by applying a dynamic management system.
  Keywords: soil microorganisms; environmental quality monitoring; multimodal learning; sustainable management; adaptive management framework; machine learning; graph neural networks.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2026.10076702
   
  

• Open Access

  Ecological services and improvement strategies of forest healthcare space environment under the background of carbon neutrality ( Free Full-text Access )

  by Zechen Xiao, Rui Guo 
  Abstract: This paper proposes a multidisciplinary optimisation strategy for achieving a carbon sink-healthcare-biodiversity triple win. Integrating data, a collaborative evaluation system is established to assess carbon sinks and ecological services using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model. A spatial planning model optimises the layout of forest healthcare bases, balancing carbon sink efficiency with healthcare functions and employing the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) algorithm and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for plan selection. Additionally, a community carbon sink return-sharing mechanism is designed, to enhance government goals, enterprise returns, and community satisfaction. The results show that based on the high ecological benefits of 82% government ecological goal achievement rate and 13.4% annual carbon sink growth rate, the enterprise still maintains a 12.1% return rate and 85% community satisfaction. The multidisciplinary approach achieves a triple-win situation of collaborative optimisation of carbon sinks, healthcare, and biodiversity.
  Keywords: forest healthcare space; ecological services; carbon neutrality; spatial planning model; benefit sharing mechanism.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2026.10076703