International Journal of Green Economics (9 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Mathematical models for estimating the economical using forestry land in European Union  
  by I. Openko, R. Tykhenko, O. Tsvyakh, O. Shevchenko, O. Tykhenko, Ya. Stepchuk, A. Rokochinskiy, P. Volk, A. Shatkovskyі, Ye. Kryvoviaz, O. Chumachenko 
  Abstract: The article presents theoretical and methodological approaches to mathematical modelling of economic indicators of using forestry land. Successful experience of the European Union in the field of forestry from the standpoint of sustainable development in terms of significant anthropogenic, economic and climatic load on natural ecosystems was analysed. Mathematical models of economic indicators of using forestry land in the European Union were made. The obtained results of the research enable to model the policy of forest management on the basis of economic and mathematical calculations in different countries of the world.
  Keywords: forestry land; forest cover loss; mathematical model; forest sector of the economy.
  
  
• Greenwashing in economics, econometrics, and finance: mapping recent trends and future directions through a bibliometric SMART framework  
  by Raamkhumar M. Harinathan, Vigneshwar Shanmugam, T.N.V.R.L. Swamy, Shloka Singh, Senthilkumar Shanmugam 
  Abstract: Greenwashing, defined as the act of conveying a false impression of environmental responsibility, presents growing challenges within economics, econometrics, and finance. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis framed within the specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) approach to examine developments in greenwashing research. Drawing from global publications indexed in Scopus between 2003 and 2024, the study offers both temporal and geographic breadth, capturing contributions from advanced and emerging economies alike. The analysis identifies key trends such as heightened attention to ESG regulation and sustainability reporting, while also revealing persistent gaps, including the limited application of empirical methods and emerging technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence. By highlighting underutilised theoretical frameworks and evolving thematic clusters, this review supports the development of more structured academic inquiry and informed policy-making. The integration of the SMART framework offers a practical lens to organise findings and guide future research agendas in addressing the complexities of greenwashing across economic and financial domains. Unlike earlier reviews, this study combines SMART-driven bibliometric methods with performance analysis, thematic clustering, and global collaboration mapping, offering a more comprehensive and actionable foundation for future scholarly and policy-related efforts.
  Keywords: greenwashing; economics; econometrics; finance; bibliometrics; SMART framework.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGE.2025.10074667
   
  
• Testing the influence of alternative employment arrangement on the relationship between deprivation and health in Nigeria  
  by Akinwumi Sharimakin 
  Abstract: The study investigates the influence of alternative employment arrangements, AEAs (fixed-term, on-call, part-time, agency) on the relationship between three types of deprivation (other-regarding, history-regarding, on-the-job mobile) and health (physical, mental) in Nigeria between 2022 and 2023. Analysis of cross sectional data in four sectors (banking, construction, oil and gas, telecommunication) show that physical and mental health distress became worsen when deprivations were interacted with AEAs. This was occasioned by poor job and employment conditions associated with AEAs. Among the types of deprivation, on-the-job mobile was more impactful and damaging to both physical and mental health of workers. A developmental plans that address the sources of deprivation and income inequality, and discourage the use of AEAs would savage and lead to economic growth. Besides, policy to discourage or totally eradicate the use of third-party (agent) in employment contract needs to be implemented. Management and control of employment system should be the responsibility of concern organisation, and not the third party.
  Keywords: alternative employment arrangement; AEA; deprivation; physical health; mental health; Nigeria.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGE.2025.10074748
   
  
• Decarbonising Finland: the impact of renewable energy, environmental trade provisions, and carbon tax policies on CO2 emissions in Finland (1990-2022)  
  by Haidy Amer 
  Abstract: This research examines the influence of carbon taxes, electricity generated from renewable sources, environmental provisions in trade agreements, economic growth, and population aging growth rate on carbon emissions in Finland from 1990 to 2022, employing the ARDL approach. The findings revealed that while carbon taxes and renewable electricity generation negatively and significantly affect carbon emissions, economic growth positively affects them. Economic growth positively influences short- and long-term emissions, reflecting the challenges of decoupling economic growth from environmental targets. The impacts of population aging and environmental regulations in trade agreements are statistically insignificant, implying their little influence on emission reduction. These findings emphasize the importance of improving and updating the practicality of environmental provisions in regional trade agreements (RTAs) to achieve the desired environmental outcomes. The insights offered can help policymakers achieve economic growth while lowering carbon emissions and ensuring environmental sustainability.
  Keywords: economic growth; renewable electricity generation; carbon taxes; carbon emission; environmental provisions; aging population; Finland.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGE.2025.10075075
   
  
• Effect of COVID-19 on food security in Sub-Saharan Africa  
  by Adama Sawadogo, Mohamed Ben Omar Ndiaye, Assane Beye 
  Abstract: This research aims to analyse the effect of COVID-19 on food security in a sample of 35 Sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2020-2021. We used food security indices from FAOSTAT and the number of people who tested positive for COVID-19 from the World Health Organization. The results are derived from a series of random effects panel models. The results show no statistically significant relationship between COVID-19 and the prevalence of severe food insecurity in the total population at conventional thresholds. However, we notice a significant negative effect on dietary energy supply adequacy. The results of this research suggest that in the event of a health crisis such as COVID-19, policymakers must take measures to limit the spread of the disease, but they must not lose sight of the economic and social impact of the restrictive measures taken.
  Keywords: COVID-19; food security; random effects model; Sub-Saharan Africa.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGE.2025.10073976
   
  
• The economic impact of the Ukraine-Russia war on international trade  
  by Masihullah Nemat, Imranullah Mateen 
  Abstract: This study explores the financial implications of the Ukraine-Russia conflict on global commerce and trade, with a particular focus on supply chain disruptions, transformations in transportation infrastructure, and shifts in international trade regulations. The conflict has precipitated substantial changes in trade strategies, international relations, and mechanisms of economic cooperation. A qualitative analysis of secondary data was undertaken using a descriptive methodology, through which key themes were identified - including economic repercussions, adaptive strategies, changes in export-import dynamics, supply chain restructuring, and the evolving landscape of global trade. Findings indicate that companies have encountered significant operational and financial challenges, prompting a shift toward more resilient and adaptable strategic models. The study highlights the critical role of international risk mitigation frameworks in navigating post-conflict trade environments. Key outcomes include the diversification of supplier bases, increased investment in technological innovation, and the reinforcement of regional trade agreements. These measures aim to buffer against the adverse effects of geopolitical disruptions and ensure long-term trade stability.
  Keywords: Ukraine-Russia war; trade relations; economic policy; regulatory changes; gravity model; comparative advantage; trade patterns; policy implications; economic impact; gross domestic product; GDP; technological innovation; supply chain management; import-export strategies.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGE.2025.10074578
   
  
• Thematic analysis and systematic literature review on make or buy decisions on pro-environmental investments  
  by Appin Purisky Redaputri, Claudius Budi Santoso 
  Abstract: This study aims to systematically review and thematically analyse articles on the relationship between make-or-buy choices and pro-environmental investment decisions. This study conducted a systematic literature review by selecting 63 relevant papers from 365 collected from Scopus and EBSCO databases. Content analysis was used to determine the main areas of inquiry and knowledge gaps. Then the collection of articles was mapped into the AMO framework to answer the factors related to make-or-buy and pro-environmental investment decisions and answers potential future research questions. This study is based on several theories, including game theory, investment decision theory, fundamental option theory, and transaction cost theory. For future research frameworks, this study suggests the use of AMO to determine which variables can be further studied.
  Keywords: investment decision; pro-environment decisions; make-or-buy; systematic literature review; SLR; AMO framework.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGE.2025.10073977
   
  
• Examining the role of website quality determinants on online green apparel purchases: a multigroup invariance analysis  
  by Deeksha Sharma, Vishal Soodan, Avinash Rana, Pawan Kumar 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between individuals' cognitive factors and website quality determinants influencing green apparel purchase decisions. The study merged two theoretical frameworks: WebQual 4.0, a measure of website quality and theory of planned behaviour for analysis. This cross-sectional research model was analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) applied to collected data of 410 consumers. The findings revealed that consumer's attitude and perceived behavioural control were significantly linked with their purchase intentions. The study further established the role of perceived interaction quality, usability quality and service interaction quality of the website are determining consumers' attitude towards green apparel. Research found an insignificant relationship between subjective norms and intention to purchase green apparel and confirmed the moderating role of internet usage intensity across different segments.
  Keywords: green; intensity; interaction; service quality; usability.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGE.2025.10074567
   
  
• Green bonds as a green investment to prevent greenwashing and green financial crime in Indonesia  
  by Cita Yustisia Serfiyani, Ari Purwadi, Iswi Hariyani 
  Abstract: Overcoming the climate crisis should not only be pursued from the aspect of technological invention but also from the financial aspect through issuing securities instruments that align with the green economy mission. Unfortunately, irresponsible parties such as corporations still use the green economy concept for personal gain through greenwashing and green financial crime. Green bonds shows a positive trend towards improving the quality of environmentally friendly technological innovations, building green infrastructure yet still causes climate issues. However, its application in Indonesia was constrained by the complexity of issuance eligibility requirements and has not been accompanied by strict audit quality. The conclusion of this normative legal research was that green bonds should be implemented accordingly to the eligibility requirements and procedures, both in the form of corporate and government bonds and the quality of due diligence for prospective issuers needs to be improved.
  Keywords: greenbond; green economy; greenwashing; green financial crime; Indonesia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGE.2025.10074250