International Journal of Nanotechnology (22 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• A simulation-based study on the disc brake temperature distribution for optimizing hole geometry
  by Shyam Sunder Sharma, Hariharan Raju, Pranay Singh Tomar, Rajesh Jangid, Rahul Khatri 
  Abstract: Disc brakes used in automotive are responsible for braking to ensure a smooth and safe ride. This study deals with the thermal analysis of a disc brake rotor under various geometry of holes cut on the disc rotor surface. The friction on the disc escapes in the form of heat from the surface of the disc rotor. The temperature observed on the surface of the rotor, because of the friction developed between the brake pads and the rotor is analysed using ANSYS 18.1. The rotor is designed by assuming appropriate parameters in SOLIDWORKS 17. The temperature distribution and total heat flux were observed using ANSYS 18.1. The analysis was carried out on different hole geometries i.e. circular, square, 3/4th circular, straight slots, and rotor without holes. The dissipation of heat was found better in disc rotor with holes as compared to rotor without holes. The simulation study shows that the slotted holes on the disc rotor has surface temperature i.e. 89.356
  Keywords: Automotive disc brake; Simulation; Hole geometry; Heat dissipation.
  
  
• The evolution in characteristics of germanene upon hydrogenation
  by Hanh Thi-Thu Tran 
  Abstract: The hydrogenation of the two-dimensional Ge system is studied based on density functional theory. Hydrogen atoms adsorbed onto the two-dimensional Ge surface were recorded to exist at the high warp peak (T1), and the low warp peak (T2) positions. Model optimization is obtained at point k with (5
  Keywords: 2D germanene; hydrogenation; adsorption energy; density functional theory.
  
  
• First Principles Calculation Study on Intrinsic Spin Hall Conductivity of -W alloying with Tantalum
  by Nguyen Huynh Tuan Anh 
  Abstract: Spin Hall Effect (SHE) is the conversion of charge current to spin current. Non-magnetic heavy Transition Metals (TMs) are expected to have large Spin Hall Conductivity (SHC) thanks to their large Spin-Orbit Coupling (SOC). Among transition metals, -W with A15 structure, has been reported to be among the materials that have large SHC, and SHCs of its alloys are even much improved. In this work, SHCs of -W and its alloys with Ta have been theoretically studied by the combination of the first principles calculation with the tight binding method. Two possible configurations of Ta in W sites are considered and the relative energetics between the configurations are calculated to estimate the thermodynamic average of SHCs using Boltzmann transport distribution. We find that SHC of Ta in the bcc site is much enhanced but gives less contribution to the thermodynamic average of SHC due to the large difference in total energy of the two configurations.
  Keywords: spin Hall conductivity; ab initio; β-W; alloys; A15 structure.
  
  
• Facile fabrication of Silver nanowires and Polyhedral silver nanoparticles as promising SERS Substrates
  by Khuong Quoc Vo 
  Abstract: One-dimensional silver nanowires have gained considerable attention in various applications involving sensing, agriculture, antibacterial, and electric because of their distinctive electromagnetic and optical properties. Therefore, this study focuses on developing a rapid and facile controlled synthesis of silver nanowires (AgNWs) by the modified polyol method. Tailoring the parameters such as time reaction, Na2S, and PVP concentration, silver nanoparticles were transformed from polygonal to wires nanostructures with a relatively high aspect ratio. The role of these factors that influenced AgNW formation was also clarified. AgNWs with an average length of approximately 6.5
  Keywords: Silver nanowires; Silver polygonal nanoparticles; SERS; methylene blue; polyol.
  
  
• An overview on 3D-bioprinting techniques for developing the biochip DNA sensors
  by Majid Monajjemi 
  Abstract: One of the biggest targets of using biochips in human tissues is their effective and efficient screening of biological analyses with high applications from cancer diagnosis to detection of bio-disease roots. In past decades, the activity for the tissue-chip (TC) model has gained great attention from scientists worldwide. Powerful instruments for biomedical engineering research, including disease modeling, drug designing, and nano-drug delivery, have been investigated extensively by researchers. This review highlights the important points and background of biochip development. Herein, we concentrate on applications of Lab Chips (LCs) instruments as a versatile tool for point of health care (PHC) applications. We also review current progress in various platforms towards biochip DNA sensors as an alternative to the general bio-electrochemical sensors. The fundamentals of optical sensing are generally based on the intercalation between glass surfaces consisting of DNA and any kind of light, such as absorption, fluorescence or reflectance light, which depends on the optical characteristics of the chemical agents of the matrix used. Recently, the situation of novel techniques employing optical fiber has progressed significantly, and we suggest highlighted remarks and future perspectives on these kinds of platforms for PHC applications.
  Keywords: Microfluidics; Biochips; System-on-chip; Point of health care; Lab Chips; DNA sensors; Ink-Jet.
  
  
• Fabrication of thin film platinum electrodes for resistance temperature detector (RTD)
  by Thang Minh Bui 
  Abstract: Micro fabrication technology plays a crucial role in the development of the semiconductor industry. The advantages of integrated circuits lie in their small size and superior properties of the fabricated components/electrodes, saving production materials and consuming less energy. Various photoresist materials can be used in photolithography to fabricate electrodes using integrated circuit technology. This study focuses on the use of PCB photoresist as part of the photolithography process to fabricate thin-film platinum electrodes for resistance temperature detectors. Platinum electrodes were fabricated using the DC magnetron sputtering method with a 55 mm long wire, 377 m wide, and 200 nm thick, demonstrating the most accurate linear variation in thermal resistance. The measured values are very close to the regression line, as well as stable time-repeating values. This demonstrates the potential application of PCB photoresists in the semiconductor industry in order to reduce production costs.
  Keywords: Photolithography; Electrodes; MEMS; Photoresist PCB; Thermal electrode.
  
  
• Investigation of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/cur film for wound dressing application
  by Do Trung Nguyen 
  Abstract: This research presents the preparation of polymeric thin films from chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for application in healing wounds and burns. Synthetically, chitosan solution containing 2% chitosan and 2% acetic acid is mixed with polyvinyl alcohol solution 2%. The casting of CS/PVA mixtures at 60oC produces homogeneous CS/PVA thin films. In addition, to improve the stability of CS/PVA films in aqueous environments, citric acid is added to make CS/PVA films crosslinked and durable, especially when in contact with wounds and secretions in a long time. Particularly, to attain effective antibacterial activity, natural Cur is extracted from yellow turmerics in order to modify CS/PVA films. Morphology, structure and antimicrobial properties of as-prepared CS/PVA/Cur films are investigated using UV-VIS, FTIR, SEM and mechanical tensile measurement methods. On the basis of analytical results, the blend films are evaluated and improved for potential application of wound dressing.
  Keywords: Wound dressing; crosslinking; chitosan; polyvinyl alcohol; Cur.
  
  
• Highly tough and antibacterial nanocomposite film of poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene-oxide-ZnO for biomedical application
  by Hon Nhien Le 
  Abstract: In this experiment, graphene oxide nanosheets (GO) are synthesized by cascade design of graphite oxidation reaction and decorated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) using sonochemical technology. Obtained GO-ZnO nanomaterial is characterized and applied in the preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite films by polymer solution casting method. Nanocomposite thin films of PVA/GO-ZnO were investigated using moisture analysis, mechanical tensile measurement, swelling property in ethanol solution, antibacterial test and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It is found that appropriate formulation of PVA/0.5%GO-ZnO film gave the improved tensile strength of 39.99 MPa, elastic modulus of 97.06 MPa and especially the elongation of 670.32%. The nanocomposite films showed good swelling in antiseptic ethanol 75%. After immersion in ethanol solution 75% for 1 hour, tensile elongation and energy to break of PVA/0.5%GO-ZnO/ethanol films increased significantly to 897.29% and 708.95 kgf/mm respectively. The antiseptic ethanol immersion made the nanocomposite film extraordinarily tough and effectively antimicrobial for wound dressing application. DSC analysis revealed that the reinforcement of GO-ZnO nanosheets considerably enhanced the crystallinity degree of PVA film. In general, the nanocomposite film of PVA/0.5%GO-ZnO/ethanol is a novel formulation for biomedical application.
  Keywords: polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite; graphene oxide – zinc oxide; highly tough; antibacterial film; wound dressing; biomedical application.
  
  
• Bio-degradable filament based on pla/thermoplastic cassava starch blends with poly(ethylene glycol): a study of physical, mechanical characterization, and processing assessment
  by Tien Trung Vu 
  Abstract: This study prepared a biodegradable composite based on Polylactide acid / thermoplastic starch and the plasticizing effect by Polyethylene Glycol with different molecular weights is 1000, 6000 were studied. The effect of molecular weights of Polyethylene Glycol on Polylactide acid was characterized in terms of mechanical properties, melting flow index, thermal, and morphology was investigated. The results presented structure and properties of Polylactide acid/Polyethylene Glycol blends were different from virgin Polylactide acid and the molecular weights of Polyethylene Glycol is 6000 g/mol increasing the Flexural strength, Impact strength, and increased toughness of Polylactide acid virgin. By Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis, it was found that the glass transition temperature and cold crystallization temperature decreased in the case of the Polylactide acid/Polyethylene Glycol blend, with 7 % Polyethylene Glycol 6000 loading with Polylactide acid virgin, the blend Polylactide acid/Polyethylene Glycol 6-7 showed optimum structural and mechanical properties to develop the bio-degradable blended with cassava thermoplastic starch. Besides, the bio-degradable composite from Polylactide acid/Polyethylene Glycol 6-7 with Cassava thermoplastic starch was studied, with increasing the content of Cassava thermoplastic starch in the blend. The result indicates that the blend Polylactide acid/Polyethylene Glycol 6-7 with 10 wt% Cassava thermoplastic starch shows a high melt flow index higher than Polylactide acid virgin, and the mechanic properties of this blend are enough to produce the 3D filament.
  Keywords: Fused filament fabrication (FFF); 3D printing; cassava thermoplastic starch; polylactide; material characterization; biodegradability; plasticizer.
  
  
• Bactericidal activity of clove basil essential oil microemulsion on Aeromonas hydrophila
  by Phuong Hong Lam 
  Abstract: In this experiment, clove basil essential oil was prepared in microemulsion and its bactericidal activity was evaluated on Aeromonas hydrophila, a common bacterial species that causes hemorrhagic disease in catfish. The results demonstrated that the prepared microemulsion was an oil-in-water type, characterized by transparency, a particle size of 40.61 nm with a low PDI of 0.23. Furthermore, the clove basil essential oil microemulsion had bactericidal activity on A.hydrophila with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.25 % (v/v). Notably, the microemulsion form of clove basil essential oil displayed improved antibacterial properties compared to its original counterpart. This showed the potential application of clove basil essential oil microemulsion to prevent bacterial diseases in catfish, especially the disease caused by A. hydrophila.
  Keywords: clove basil; microemulsion; bactericidal activity; Aeromonas hydrophila; minimum inhibitory concentration.
  
  
• Effect of temperature and duration of annealing step on the morphology of ZnO nanoparticles
  by Nguyen Phuc Nguyen 
  Abstract: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) represent a nanostructured material with considerable potential for a wide range of applications. In this paper, ZnO NPs were synthesized utilizing a precipitation method involving Zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). After the precipitation reaction, obtaining solid samples were calcined at high temperatures. Two crucial parameters, namely temperature and annealing time, were systematically investigated in this study. The characterization of ZnO NPs was conducted through the utilization of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The obtained results indicated a significant alteration in both particle morphology and size with variations in temperature and annealing time. The smallest average size and crystallite size of ZnO nanoparticles observed were 45 nm and 25 nm with annealing temperature of 550oC in 2 hours respectively.
  Keywords: zinc oxide nanoparticles; precipitation; annealing; temperature.
  
  
• Investigation of electrochemical properties of platinum electrode chip for salinity measurement
  by Thang Minh Bui 
  Abstract: Determining the salinity of water through conductivity is a widely used method in scientific research, known for its advantages of quick response and high sensitivity, which has attracted significant attention from scientists.In this study, the 2-electrode and 4-electrode Pt chips were fabricated on the silicon substrateusing the lithography process and sputtering magnetron DC. The electrode characteristics were investigated through cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The2-electrode system ensures stability in an environment with low electrical conductivity corresponding to salinity values ranging from 0.27 to 2.85 , with an accuracy of
  Keywords: Conductivity electrodes; Salinity sensors; Platinum chip; 2-electrode system; 4-electrode system.
  
  
• Polyvinylpyrrolidone blendedwith thermally reduced graphene for adsorption of heavy metal ions in water
  by Diep Ngoc Le 
  Abstract: This paper presents the adsorption capacity of Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions in water of the modified polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/graphene mixture. Graphene wasobtained through the thermal separation of graphite oxide (GO), which wassynthesized from graphite by the Hummer method. Graphene-PVP composites were prepared by dispersing graphene into PVP solutions at different concentrations and then cross-linking to prevent water washout. This cross-linking ensures that the graphene-PVP mixture is well dispersed and stable. The maximum adsorption capacity of graphene-PVP for Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions was 198.54 mg.g-1 and 159.78 mg.g-1, respectively, at pH 7, and the contact time was 30 minutes. The experimental results are consistent with the Langmuir kinetic and quadratic pseudo-kinetic models. The study shows that the adsorption mechanism of Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions on graphene-PVP follows an ion exchange mechanism, which is promoted by the strong interaction between PVP and metal ions. Furthermore, the presence of PVP in the composite enhances the stability and dispersibility of graphene, allowing for efficient ion adsorption. This study provides an easy, low-cost, and environmentally friendly method to produce graphene-PVP materials with high adsorption capacity.
  Keywords: thermally reduced graphene; modified graphene; polyvinylpyrrolidone; metal ions.
  
  
• Synthesis of V2O5 flowers/reduced graphene oxide mixtures for removal of hydrogen sulfide gas
  by Diep Ngoc Le 
  Abstract: This article describes the combination of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and V2O5 flower and its ability to adsorb H2S. Graphite oxide was prepared using the Hummermethod and then reduced to graphene oxide. The V2O5-rGO mixture was synthesized by the hydrothermal method, and the variation in the V2O5:GO ratio was studied to evaluate its influence on the structure of thematerial.The amount of rGO in the mixture varied from 2 to 20% according to the mass ratio of rGO:V2O5 used for the hydrothermal process. FESEM, XRD, and FTIR were used to analyze the morphology, crystal structure, and chemical structure of V2O5-rGO, respectively.The V2O5-rGO mixture consists of 1-2
  Keywords: reduced graphene oxide; V2O5; flower-like; H2S; adsorption.
  
  
• Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of magnetic Fe3O4-Ag nanomaterials
  by Anh Van Thi Le 
  Abstract: Fe3O4-Ag nanomaterials were synthesized by a simple and economical method using Vietnamese green tea extract at room temperature. The green tea extract acts as a reducing agent for reducing silver and a stabilizer of the nanomaterials. Characteristic analysis of the nanoparticles was done using techniques including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The magnetic properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were measured by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The antibacterial effect of the nanomaterials was studied by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and by FESEM images of bacterial cell membrane morphology. The Fe3O4-Ag nanomaterials in this study had a particle size of 2030 nm, which included the Ag shell. They had a high crystalline structure with a spherical shape, and they were superparamagnetic. The MIC value of the Fe3O4-Ag nanomaterial on E. coli was about 400
  Keywords: Fe3O4-Ag; Vietnamese green tea; magnetic nanomaterials; antibacterial activity; E. coli.
  
  
• Application of micro nano bubble technology in water level recovery of water conservancy construction engineering
  by Dongling Zhang, Yuzhen Wang, Fei Luo 
  Abstract: In order to improve the removal efficiency of groundwater pollutants, improve the ability of groundwater restoration and water level recovery, a micro nano bubble enhanced remediation technology was proposed. A micro and nano bubble micro observation system was designed, including camera, micro lens, laser and image processing software. Combined with particle size analyser and interface potential analyser, the basic physical characteristics and migration characteristics of micro and nano bubbles were analysed. According to the obtained characteristics, the particle size distribution and interfacial potential characteristics of microbubbles are obtained, the existence time and gas mass transfer effect of microbubbles in water body are verified, and the migration rule of microbubbles in water body and porous media is obtained. The numerical simulation results show that the micro and nano bubbles have high mass transfer efficiency and long existence time, which can effectively improve the dissolved oxygen of groundwater, improve the activity of microorganisms, achieve the effective removal of pollutants, and promote the in-situ remediation of polluted groundwater.
  Keywords: microbubble technology; water conservancy construction engineering; water level recovery; mass transfer effect; ozone; observation system.
  
  

Special Issue on: Smart Bio-Signal Acquisition System

• Intelligent overlay algorithm for medical data management based on wireless communication technology and feature fusion  
  by Changrong Peng, Xiaodong Zhang, Qian Liu, Xiaofang Zhao, Chenyang Dai 
  Abstract: Medical data management through wireless communication system become essential to make data available at all time. To address the problem of poor quality of management, a intelligent overlay algorithm based on wireless communication technology and feature fusion is proposed. The algorithm first uses sensors remote sensing equipment to collect patient data and transmit them by wireless communication, followed by image and data filtering, then feature extraction and feature fusion, and finally seamless overlaying by projection model. The results show that the spatial frequency and average gradient of the superimposed patient data management meets the requirements, indicating that the resultant data after the application of the sensing data is superimposition algorithm based on wireless communication technology and feature fusion retain the detail components of the patient data more realistically, with good clarity, and the image information is better maintained.
  Keywords: wireless communication technology; feature fusion; medical data; sensors; intelligent overlay algorithm.
  
  
• Evaluation method for colour matching using artificial intelligence technology  
  by Lijuan Yao, Ling Tang 
  Abstract: The existing colour matching evaluation methods have the problem of fuzzy colour attributes, which leads to high image distortion. This paper designs an evaluation method of public space indoor landscape colour matching based on artificial intelligence technology. The method quantifies the colour layout of the public space, determines the main colour of the space, identifies the colour attributes of the indoor landscape, deploys the combined colour phase ring, uses artificial intelligence technology to extract the colour matching features, calculates the colour distance combined with the transition colour frequency information, and adopts the colour quantisation algorithm to set the evaluation model. The experiment results show that the average distortions of the evaluation method and the other two evaluation methods is 30.12, 38.96, are 38.87, respectively, which proves that the colour matching evaluation method combined with artificial intelligence technology has higher use value.
  Keywords: artificial intelligence technology; colour layout; colour matching; evaluation method; public space; interior landscape;.
  
  
• Stereoscopic display of architectural design images based on virtual reality technology  
  by Ling Tang, Lijuan Yao 
  Abstract: The current image stereoscopic display method mainly displays images stereoscopically from the perspective of human left and right eye visual imaging, which not only displays images with distortion and missing details, but also makes it difficult to realise interaction for complex image stereoscopic display. This paper proposes a stereoscopic display method of architectural design images based on virtual reality technology. The images are drawn using DIBR technology and the depth images are processed using Gaussian filtering and so on. After designing the virtual interaction of the image stereoscopic display scene, EON is used to analyse the lighting of the building exterior and realise the stereoscopic display of the image. The simulation experimental data of the stereoscopic display method show that the proposed image stereoscopic display method relatively improves the display effect by about 66.7% and has good adaptability for different grey value images.
  Keywords: architectural exterior; design images; image presentation; stereoscopic presentation; virtual interaction; virtual reality technology.
  
  
• Network security analysis of diseases reporting in wireless sensor networks  
  by Zhang Yanling, Zhang Ting 
  Abstract: In order to solve the problem of low security in the process of direct reporting of traditional infectious diseases like ring worm, chicken pox, flu, cold etc, the corresponding network direct report security model is established by wireless communication technology. On this basis, the security risk level of wireless communication network is divided. This paper analyses the negative factors that affect network security from hacker attack, high risk vulnerability of software and user information tampering. Combined with the analysis results of multiple security mechanisms of the direct report network of infectious diseases, the quantitative evaluation of network security is realized, that is, the modelling and analysis of the network direct report security of infectious diseases is realized. Compared with traditional security model, it is found that the network direct report security model can reduce the loss and error of infectious disease data, which has a high application value. The proposed work computes less error rate of minimum 0.04 MB to maximum 0.14 MB. This error data is very less when compared to traditional techniques.
  Keywords: direct epidemic reporting; epidemic network; infectious diseases; security model; wireless communication technology.
  
  
• Deep learning-based feature extraction coupled with multi-class SVM for COVID-19 detection in the IoT era  
  by Auwalu Mubarak, Sertan Serte, Fadi Al-Turjman, Rabiu Aliyu, Zubaida Said, Mehmet Ozsoz 
  Abstract: The deadly coronavirus virus (COVID-19) was confirmed as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in December 2019. Prompt and early identification of suspected patients is necessary to monitor the transmission of the disease, increase the effectiveness of medical treatment and as a result, decrease the mortality rate. The adopted method to identify COVID-19 is the Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), the method is affected by the shortage of RT-PCR kits and complexity. Medical imaging using deep learning has proved to be one of the most efficient methods of detecting respiratory diseases, but efficient deep learning architecture and low data are affecting the performance of the deep learning models. To detect COVID-19 efficiently, a deep learning model based feature extraction coupled with Support Vector Machine (SVM) was employed in this study, Seven pre-trained models were employed as feature extractors and the extracted features are classified by multi-class SVM classifier to classify CT scan images from COVID-19, common pneumonia and healthy individuals. To improve the performance of the models and prevent overfitting, training was also carried out on augmented images. To generalise the model's performance and robustness, three datasets were merged in the study. The model with the best performance is the VGG19 which was trained with augmented images: it achieved an accuracy of 96%, a sensitivity of 0.936, a specificity 0f 0.967, an F1 score of 0.935, a precision of 0.934, a Yonden Index of 0.903 and AUC of 0.952. The best model shows that COVID-19 can be detected efficiently on CT scan images.
  Keywords: artificial intelligence; COVID-19; SVM; feature extraction.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJNT.2021.10040115
   
  

Special Issue on: Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Cognitive Green Nano-Technologies for the Mitigation of Emerging Environmental Pollutants

• Preparation of titanium dioxide composite nanomaterials using copper catalysis and their dynamic adsorption and photocatalytic performance in water treatment  
  by Ye Tian 
  Abstract: The aim is to investigate the dynamic adsorption performance of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposite materials in water treatment, providing direction for water purification. The copper-catalysed living free-radical polymerization method polymerizes the prepared TiO2 particles with tertiary amine polymer to manufacture the TiO2 polymer nanocomposite materials. The prepared TiO2 nanocomposite materials are then modified to obtain the quaternised TiO2 polymer nanocomposite materials (quaternised TiO2@poly(DEAEMA)), which are characterized and analysed. Finally, the water treatment performance of quaternised TiO2@poly(DEAEMA) is judged through photocatalysis and adsorption experiments, while the antibacterial performance of the prepared materials is judged using the common Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Results demonstrate that the quaternised TiO2@poly(DEAEMA) polymer nanocomposite materials are completely and tightly wrapped, presenting a flower-like appearance, with a significantly-increased diameter and an average size of about 600nm, which can be utilized as the pollutant adsorbent. Water treatment simulation reveals the fastest adsorption rate and the highest adsorption capacity of quaternised TiO2@poly(DEAEMA), reaching 265 mg/g given the same reaction time. The catalytic removal rate in ultraviolet and visible light reaches 94%, and the photocatalysis of visible light reaches 69%. Until the reaction lasts for 45 minutes, its antibacterial activity is optimal, and the diameter of the inhibition zone against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus exceeds 16 mm. Therefore, the prepared TiO2 nanomaterials have high adsorption properties, good photocatalysis performance, and excellent antibacterial properties, which can provide an experimental basis for the treatment and purification of water resources in the industry.
  Keywords: titanium dioxide; water treatment; dynamic adsorption; photocatalysis; nanocomposite material.