International Journal of Power Electronics (21 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Implementation of a power management scheme for PV and battery fed single capacitor-based multi-input converter  
  by Parinita Mondal, Jayati Dey, Tapas Kumar Saha 
  Abstract: This work develops a PV and battery-operated hybrid power management scheme (HPMS) through a single capacitor-based multi-input converter (SCMIC). The proposed SCMIC integrates the PV and the battery of two different voltage levels through unidirectional and bidirectional circuital arrangements, respectively. The output DC link voltage is maintained at a steady reference level by controlling the discharging and charging operation of the battery, which successfully balances the power difference between the load and the available maximum power from the PV. The mathematical modelling of the proposed converter is developed in this work. A power management and control architecture is designed to meet the objectives of PV MPPT and the bidirectional power flow operation of the battery. The proposed system is implemented in simulation and real-time environments under several scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed system in all the operating conditions. The real-time performance of the system validates its simulation counterparts.
  Keywords: single-capacitor-based multi-input converter; SCMIC; PV MPPT; battery charging; hybrid power management scheme; HPMS; transient performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10073344
   
  
• Model validation of double phase fault in pentagon connected FPIM through simulation and experimentation  
  by Jahera Shaik, R. Chudamani  
  Abstract: This research article dispenses a simulation validation as well as an experimental validation to a mathematical procedure proposed to model a double phase fault (DPF) in a five-phase induction machine (FPIM) operating in stator configurations specifically for pentagon. This proactive methodology makes it possible to test the machinery in a non-destructive way. This mathematical procedure involves the computation of the voltages across the open circuited phases in a double phase fault. The multi-phase induction machines present numerous advantages in comparison to their three-phase counterparts, such as reduced torque ripple, fault-tolerant capability etc. In this work, one of these features, fault-tolerant capability which makes multi-phase systems more approachable, is explicated under a defined scenario i.e., double phase fault. A double phase open circuited condition has two possibilities, adjacent double phase fault (ADPF) and non-adjacent double phase fault (NADPF). To begin with, a steady state model of FPIM operating under DPF is developed in stationary reference frame. The mathematical model using this approach is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink®and the results are exhaustively discussed. Further, the proposed model is experimentally verified using a laboratory prototype of 1.5 HP FPIM using dSPACE DS1104 and the results obtained are in concordance with those of simulation results.
  Keywords: five phase induction machine; pentagon connection; adjacent and non-adjacent double phase fault; model validation; torque ripple; fault current analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10073691
   
  
• Fault diagnosis method for power grid transformers by integrating improved AFSA and radial basis function network  
  by Man Xie, Limin Liu 
  Abstract: Power grid transformers are vital for stable power supply, and their failure can disrupt grid operations. Accurate fault diagnosis is essential to ensure reliability. This study proposes an improved artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) for transformer fault diagnosis, integrating radial basis function networks (RBFN) and kernel limit learning models to enhance accuracy. The method processes transformer data more effectively, reducing diagnosis errors by 0.014-0.029 compared to standalone RBFN. Fusion models achieved 4.9%-5.9% higher accuracy than RBFN alone. Notably, it excelled in gas concentration prediction, achieving zero deviation for C₂H₂. The results demonstrate superior performance over traditional methods, significantly improving fault diagnosis precision. This approach offers valuable guidance for maintaining transformer reliability in power grids.
  Keywords: improved AFSA; radial basis function network; power grid transformer; fault diagnosis; FD; gas prediction; GP.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10073751
   
  
• Development and implementation of novel solid-state transformer for future smart microgrid  
  by Nilesh Chothani, Dharmesh Patel, Swapnil Kumar 
  Abstract: Electrical transformers perform an imperative duty concerning bidirectional power flow and system flexibility. The progression of solid-state controllable devices, such as converters and inverters and the employment of power electronics in power systems have solved many issues in the present distribution network. Nowadays, solid-state transformers (SST) are replacing electromagnetic transformers by improving power quality and providing controllable features with distributed energy resources (DERs). This article presents the design and implementation of SST considering current and voltage control methods. The architecture of SST is developed with functionality such as regulation of voltage, control of current, solving issues of power quality and easy integration of DERs/EVs. AC-DC PWM-based boost rectifier stage, DC-DC dual active bridge with single phase shift control (SPS), and DC to AC inverter stage with space vector PWM have been designed and simulated as per the structure of SST. The article describes the developed hardware setup of the single-phase AC to DC active boost rectifier stage of SST in a laboratory environment. The proposed SST models with three stages have been developed in MATLAB, and outcomes have been investigated and furnished. The simulation and hardware results obey the required harmonic contents and provide good voltage regulation and power control.
  Keywords: boost rectifier; dual active bridge converter; pulse width modulation; PWM; single phase shift control; SPS; inverter; solid state transformer; SST.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10073905
   
  
• A high-efficiency step-up DC-DC converter for supporting auxiliary loads in fuel cell vehicles  
  by Navid Hadifar, Farzad Mohammadzadeh Shahir 
  Abstract: This paper presents a novel non-isolated, unidirectional DC-DC boost converter designed to support auxiliary subsystems in fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). The proposed topology achieves high voltage gain with low component stress, minimal input current ripple, and a common ground between input and output, features that are critical for extending fuel cell lifespan and improving system integration. Unlike conventional designs based on coupled inductors or cascaded stages, the proposed converter uses a simple structure consisting of one active switch, two inductors, and three capacitors. Comprehensive theoretical analysis is conducted, including power loss modeling and efficiency evaluation across variations in frequency, input voltage, and duty cycle. A 100W laboratory prototype was implemented and tested under open-loop conditions. Experimental results closely match theoretical predictions and confirm a peak efficiency of approximately 94.6%. These results demonstrate the converter’s suitability for low-power auxiliary applications in FCEVs, where reliability and high efficiency are essential.
  Keywords: DC-DC converter; electric vehicle; fuel cell; non-isolated; unidirectional converter.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10074263
   
  
• CKSO-BiLSTM: Energy Management Strategy of Hybrid Electric Vehicle using Optimized Torque Controller  
  by Haripriya H. Kulkarni, Manasi P. Deore, Netra Lokhande, Vidula S. Jape, Anagha Soman, Vidya Kodgirwar 
  Abstract: Optimal voltage vectors are selected to reduce the torque ripples and current harmonics and the control performance is improved. Multi-layer features and attention mechanisms are integrated to control the torque in the BiLSTM model. The dynamic performance of the motor is enhanced by calculating the torque and load variations. Function dimensionality is increased by the proposed optimization to solve the design problems and derive the finite solutions. The proposed FDO optimization is used for the power consumption of the motor and finds the optimal torque for the motor operation. The proposed method FDO-BiLSTM outperformed the results of dq current, mechanical power, RPM, speed and torque values are 230.32, 19.04, 64.12, 26.67 and 24.82. These outperformed results prove the effectiveness of the model and accurate control of torque
  Keywords: Bidirectional Long short-term memory; Torque control; Fish Dolphin optimization; Electric Vehicles and Energy management system.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10074351
   
  
• EMC Compliance and Disturbance Power Mitigation in Domestic Appliances from 30 to 300 MHz - A Practical Approach in an Inverter Washing Machine  
  by Mohamed El-Said, Eyhab El-kharashi, Maher El-Dessoki 
  Abstract: This paper presents a study on the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of an 8 kg washing machine equipped with inverter technology, with a specific focus on disturbance power one of the key parameters in conduction emission tests within the frequency range of 30 MHz to 300 MHz. The experiments were conducted in accordance with the CISPR 14-1:2020 standard. The study evaluates the electromagnetic disturbances emitted by the washing machine during typical operation and investigates the mitigation effect of an EMI filter commonly used in some types of home appliances to meet EMC compliance requirements. The effectiveness of the filter is quantified in terms of its ability to reduce conduction emission power. In addition to demonstrating a practical EMI mitigation approach, this research contributes to the broader understanding of emissions from inverter-driven appliances in residential environments. By measuring these disturbances, the study establishes a baseline that can support future research and EMC regulatory developments.
  Keywords: Electromagnetic interference EMI; Washing machine; Disturbance Power; Filter; Conduction Emission; Power quality.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10074641
   
  
• Performance evaluation of metal-organic framework-derived heterojunction materials in the anode of lithium-ion batteries  
  by Changfeng Wang 
  Abstract: This study develops a novel high-efficiency anode material to enhance lithium-ion battery performance. Two heterostructured materials were synthesised: zinc selenide@nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres and cobalt sulfide@nitrogen-doped carbon@carbon nanocages. The former combines ZnSe nanoparticles from zeolite imidazole-8 with nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres. The latter features core-shell structures using ZIF-67 as a precursor. Results show that the nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres capped with zinc selenide achieve a discharge capacity of nearly 800 mAh/g at 0.1 C and around 700 mAh/g at 1.0 C, maintaining excellent cycle stability with a retention rate close to 800 mAh/g after 400 cycles. The cobalt sulfide@nitrogen-doped carbon@carbon nanocages possess porous structures beneficial for lithium ion transport. Overall, these composites hold promise as high-performance anode materials, providing new directions for development.
  Keywords: metal-organic framework; MOF; heterojunction materials; lithium-ion batteries; anode evaluation; composites.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10075169
   
  
• Design and efficiency analysis of lead free inorganic perovskite solar cells: the future solar technology  
  by Gurpreet Kaur, Hemant Kumar 
  Abstract: This paper presents theoretical research on perovskite solar cells (PSC). In today's energy landscape, the focus has shifted toward pollution-free energy generation while adhering to economic constraints. Renewable sources like solar and wind have taken a leading role in this transition. Due to their promising potential, this study emphasises the growing relevance of solar technologies in the renewable energy sector. The Earth receives a tremendous amount of solar radiation, which serves as a clean and environmentally friendly energy source. Photovoltaic (PV) devices can directly convert this solar energy into electrical energy however, traditional solar cells suffer from low efficiency and high manufacturing costs. Currently, researchers are increasingly exploring PSCs due to their superior PV performance. These next-generation solar cells offer a cost-effective alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells while achieving comparable efficiencies. In this study, we used cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) and tungsten trioxide (WO₃) as the hole and electron transport materials, respectively. We constructed the PSC structure using cesium tin halide-based perovskite, resulting in the configuration of Cu₂O/Cs₂SnI₆/WO₃. Our simulation results show that this configuration enhances the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by up to 31%.
  Keywords: inorganic perovskite solar cell; power conversion efficiency; PCE; hole transport material; electron transport material.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10075407
   
  
• Zero crossing detection based hybrid open-loop synchronisation method for grid-connected transformerless solar inverter: Design, simulation, and experimental validation  
  by Sumit Kumar, Hanumath Prasad Ikkurti, Santu Kumar Giri, Subrata Banerjee 
  Abstract: A hybrid open-loop synchronisation (OLS) method for grid-connected transformerless solar inverter is presented in this paper. The proposed method combines an improved Schmitt trigger based analogue circuit design with digital algorithms, making it suitable for real-time implementation on a microcontroller for solar inverter control. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate performance of the designed circuit in reliably generating synchronisation signal under varying grid disturbance conditions. A computationally efficient algorithm, which utilises the microcontroller’s pre-loaded sine wave lookup table, generates a synchronised sinusoidal current reference at the prevailing grid frequency. Experimental validation of the proposed method is demonstrated using a 1 kW single-phase solar inverter prototype, tested under varying grid frequencies with in-phase current injection into the grid. Additionally, the proposed technique can also serve as a parallel frequency detector for advanced digital filtering based OLS methods and phase locked loop (PLL) methods, thereby enhancing their performance under varying frequency conditions.
  Keywords: zero crossing detection (ZCD); open-loop grid synchronisation; solar inverter; analogue circuits; hybrid synchronisation method.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10075410
   
  
• Power quality improvement of grid connected renewable energy system using D-STATCOM  
  by Saeed Alhelali, Sayed Ali Abbas Al-Mosawi , Fadhel Abbas Albasri 
  Abstract: This article aims to improve the power quality of a distribution network integrated with renewable energy sources by using a Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (D-STATCOM). Renewable energy sources can distort the power quality, leading to issues concerning the stability of the grid. Moreover, the improvement of the STATCOM devices in this article will focus on designing a controller that will improve the network power quality by maintaining the voltage within the prescribed range. Various models of a network embedded with STATCOM devices will be designed and simulated simultaneously to compare and show the performance of each model. The tests will cover the reaction of the STATCOM device during multiple disturbance scenarios. The designed models will incorporate various controllers to mitigate different types of network disturbances. The results will show which model has a faster response time, better transient stability, and unbalanced fault detection and mitigation.
  Keywords: fuzzy controller; negative sequence controller; power quality; proportional integral; PI controller; renewable energy sources; static synchronous compensator; STATCOM; unbalanced faults.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10075588
   
  
• Linear and trapezoidal-inverted sub-cycle period VFPWM-based torque ripple reduction of interior PMSMs for electric vehicle applications  
  by Meera Khalid, Anjaly Mohan, A. C. Binojkumar  
  Abstract: PWM techniques with a constant switching frequency can create distinct tonal bands in the harmonic spectrum of stator current of an AC machine. These tonal bands can negatively impact acoustic noise, vibrations, and electromagnetic interference. Reducing the magnitude of dominant harmonics by spreading the harmonic energy spectrum is one method to mitigate this problem. Harmonic energy is spread effectively using variable switching frequency PWM schemes. Another significant issue in AC drives for electric vehicles is the presence of ripples in the electromagnetic torque generated. The electromagnetic torque ripple is effectively reduced along with the spreading of harmonic energy, by the application of the suggested linear and trapezoidal-inverted variable switching frequency schemes. The effectiveness of the presented schemes are tested both below and above base speed, by using an interior type PMSM which is suitable for EV applications.
  Keywords: permanent magnet synchronous motor; PMSM; torque ripple reduction; variable switching frequency PWM; VFPWM; field oriented control; spread spectrum technique; PWM inverter.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10075687
   
  
• Real-time simulator validates improvement of DC link voltage and grid current under variation of solar intensity and temperature  
  by Amit Verma, Prabhakar Tiwari, Desh Deepak Sharma 
  Abstract: This research addresses the issues of DC-link voltage fluctuations and grid-injected current irregularities in PV systems caused by uncertainty in the weather condition like irradiance and temperature. The normal PI controller has been found incapable to address these issues properly. This paper introduces a robust fuzzy fractional order proportional integral (FFOPI) controller used in a grid connected PV (GCPV) system for smoothening DC link (DCL) voltage and grid injected current under above-mentioned uncertainties. A FOPI controller with fuzzy logic controller (FLC) makes up the FFOPI controller. FFOPI controller delivers a powerful tools for achieving high-performance DC link voltage regulation and provides better flexible tuning of control parameters across broad range of system conditions. Comparative studies with traditional controllers highlight the superiority of the FFOPI approach in achieving optimal power quality. The research is initiated using the MATLAB Simulink environment and subsequently verified by OPAL-RT 4512 simulator.
  Keywords: renewable energy; DC link voltage; grid current.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10075688
   
  
• Design of compact flexible MIMO antenna for 5G sub 6 GHz application  
  by Dharmendra Kumar, Balwinder Singh Dhaliwal, Garima Saini 
  Abstract: The antenna is fabricated on a low-loss Rogers RT Duroid 5880 substrate and incorporates fractal geometry based on Koch and Minkowski curves to achieve size reduction and gain enhancement. A ground slot is introduced to enhance gain and reduce mutual coupling. The proposed antenna operates effectively in the 13 GHz frequency range and resonates at 2.6 GHz with a bandwidth of 200 MHz. Simulation and experimental validation using HFSS and a vector network analyser show that the antenna achieves a peak gain of 4.3 dB, mutual coupling better than 30 dB, envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) obtain less than 0.05, and channel capacitance loss (CCL) of 0.005. Compared to existing sub 6 GHz MIMO antennas, the proposed design offers superior isolation, gain, and structural flexibility while maintaining compact size and simplicity. These results make the antenna well-suited for 5G, IoT, and other wireless communication platforms requiring compact and high performance solutions.
  Keywords: MIMO; 5G; Rogers RT Duroid 5880 substrate; Koch or Minkowski curve; envelope correlation coefficient; diversity gain; and mean effective gain.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10075989
   
  
• Systematic design framework for WBG-based high-frequency domestic induction heater for cooking application  
  by Tumpa Das, Molay Roy 
  Abstract: In domestic induction heating (IH) technology for cooking applications, high-frequency operation enhances surface heat on vessels by reducing skin depth. The emergence of WBG devices like SiC MOSFETs allows power converters to function at high frequencies due to their low switching and conduction losses, short reverse recovery time, and high temperature tolerance. This paper discusses the design and experimental validation of a laboratory-fabricated SiC-based full-bridge series resonant inverter (SRI) and coil for heating a cast-iron pan. Operating at 94 kHz and 174 W input power, the inverter is experimentally validated to operate at resonance with minimal load impedance and 98% efficiency. During tests, the pans temperature rises from 32°C to 110°C in 6 minutes and 20 seconds at resonance, compared to 7 minutes and 30 seconds above resonance (i.e., 98kHz). WBG converters reduce cost, overall volume, and thermal management, collectively contributing to miniaturisation and increasing system efficiency and reliability.
  Keywords: induction heating; IH; wide band gap; WBG; power electronic converters; PEC; series resonant inverter; SRI; silicon carbide; SiC; full-bridge; TEXAS TMS320F28379D; SCT20N120; high frequency; domestic IH.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10076269
   
  
• Model predictive control-based secondary voltage and frequency control of inverter-interfaced distributed generator  
  by Arun Chantola, Vivek Sharma, Dilbag Singh 
  Abstract: Inverter-interfaced distributed generator (DG) is the essential element for future smart grid. This work introduces a novel secondary control of output voltage and operating frequency for inverter-interfaced DG. Primary control is first control layer for stabilising voltage and frequency of the DG, primary control is generally established using droop control approach that cause voltage and frequency deviation beyond nominal values. Secondary control compensates this deviation, here highly nonlinear dynamics of the DG is first converted into a linear first order dynamics, then a linear model predictive controller (MPC) is implemented that control output voltage and operating frequency of the inverter-interfaced DG. Optimal control action is implemented with the help of receding optimisation index, that improves the convergence speed. This approach enhances the systems reliability and flexibility, allowing multiple DGs to be connected in parallel and controlled effectively. Moreover, the proposed approach guarantees the restoration of voltage to its nominal value and ensures that frequency is maintained within the standard range. In MATLAB/Simulink environment, various simulations are conducted to analyse and validate the control scheme.
  Keywords: model predictive control; MPC; secondary control; inverter-interfaced DG.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2027.10076754
   
  
• A novel 19-level inverter with reduced number of switches for grid connected photovoltaic power generation  
  by Rajat Sachan , Sanjiv Kumar 
  Abstract: This study introduces a novel multilevel inverter (MLI) configuration that achieves nineteen output voltage levels by integrating two 2-level inverters (TLI) with two H-bridges. The setup involves cascading a 2-level inverter (TLI1) with H-bridges across two phases, connected in an open-end arrangement with another 2-level inverter (TLI2). The inverter employs a nearest level modulation (NLM) technique to produce switching signals. This paper explores the application of the proposed MLI topology in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems, incorporating a phase-locked loop (PLL) for grid synchronisation and dq-axis current control for power regulation. The system was modelled using MATLAB/SIMULINK, and performance is evaluated in a real-time setting using the FPGA-based OPAL-RT 5600 simulator with hardware-in-loop technology. The proposed topology offers significant advantages, including the elimination of common-mode voltage, reduced switching frequency, high efficiency, and low total harmonic distortion (THD) in output voltage and current, making it highly suitable for grid-connected applications.
  Keywords: multi-level inverter; H-bridge; two-level inverter; nearest level modulation; NLM; photovoltaic power; grid.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10076799
   
  
• Single-phase common-ground-based buck-boost inverter  
  by Hoai-Nam P. Nguyen , Khai M. Nguyen, Duc-Tri Do, Ngoc-Anh Truong 
  Abstract: This paper presents a single-phase common-ground based buck-boost impedance-source inverter (CG-BBI). The proposed inverter topology facilitates both buck and boost operations without necessitating an additional DC-DC conversion stage. By leveraging the inherent shoot-through states of the impedance-source network, it enhances voltage gain while providing output short-circuit protection. The common-ground topology between the DC input and AC output effectively suppresses common-mode voltage, thereby improving system safety. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the operating principles, mode characteristics, and modulation algorithm of the CG-BBI. Furthermore, experimental results are presented to validate the theoretical foundation established in this study.
  Keywords: buck-boost inverter; impedance source inverter; common-ground; shoot-through; DC-AC converter.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2027.10076800
   
  
• Enhanced maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic systems using a novel sine cosine algorithm with pattern search  
  by Muzammil Ahmed 
  Abstract: This research introduces a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for photovoltaic (PV) systems, combining the sine cosine algorithm with pattern search (SCA-PS) to optimise power extraction under diverse environmental conditions. The SCA-PS method is rigorously compared to the perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm through extensive simulations, evaluating performance across uniform irradiance and partial shading scenarios. A robust mathematical model underpins the PV system and MPPT algorithms, ensuring theoretical rigor. Simulations, implemented in Python using NumPy and Matplotlib within the PyCharm IDE, generate detailed P-V, PV, and VI curves, alongside convergence and efficiency plots, validating the approach. Results demonstrate SCA-PSs superior efficiency, stability, and robustness over traditional methods, highlighting its potential for real-world PV applications. This scalable, adaptable solution advances MPPT technology, enhancing renewable energy system reliability and efficiency, and paves the way for future adaptive optimisation research.
  Keywords: maximum power point tracking; MPPT; photovoltaic systems; sine cosine algorithm with pattern search; SCA-PS; P&O algorithm; efficiency optimisation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10076801
   
  
• Bidirectional dual-source converter with optimised winding integration for EV charging and traction applications  
  by Siddhant Gudhe, Sanjeev Singh 
  Abstract: This work presents integration of traction motor windings with a bidirectional Dual Source Converter (DSC) for electric vehicle (EV) applications, enabling both battery charging and traction motor operation through a unified power conversion platform. The proposed design eliminates bulky magnetic components by using the stator windings of an induction motor as source inductors during charging mode. The converter is validated under both inverter and rectifier modes. In rectifier mode, different stator winding configurations are evaluated experimentally to determine optimal power quality, using metrics such as total harmonic distortion (THD), power factor (PF), and input current. In inverter mode, closed-loop field-oriented control using a dSPACE 1104 platform demonstrates effective traction motor operation. Analytical modeling and experimental validation confirm the performance advantages of the DSC under various conditions. The system achieves efficient energy transfer, compact design, and improved power quality, making it suitable for integrated EV system.
  Keywords: electric vehicles; dual source converter; DSC; DC/AC converters; space vector modulation; single-phase battery charging.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10076802
   
  
• ANN-based model predictive control for stabilising voltage oscillations in DC microgrid with constant power load  
  by Ranjan Kumar, Chandrashekhar N. Bhende, Yashvardhan Singh Raghuwanshi, Mosaddique Nawaz Hussain 
  Abstract: To supply AC loads in a DC microgrid, point-of-load (POL) inverters integrated with the input LC filter are essential. Nevertheless, this integration introduces mismatch in input and output impedances at the DC interface leading to instability issues and significant voltage oscillations in the DC-link voltage. To address this issue, many researchers utilise finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC)-based techniques due to their active damping capabilities, rapid response, and accurate tracking. However, FCS-MPC requires substantial real-time computation to be solved online. To overcome this challenge, this paper proposes a simple supervised imitation learning method. The proposed controller imitates the FCS-MPC scheme using labelled data, effectively shifting the majority of the computational load from online to offline platforms by utilising a trained artificial neural network (ANN) subject to robustness characteristics. Furthermore, parameter uncertainties resulting from reliance on the mathematical model of the system may lead to poor MPC design. This article presents a model-based, parameter free control strategy that uses ANN to mitigate the negative effects of parameter discrepancies on POL converter performance.
  Keywords: active damping; artificial neural network; ANN; constant power load; DC microgrids; three-phase inverter; model predictive control.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2027.10077130