International Journal of Power Electronics (14 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Transforming cyber security in modern power grids: the synergistic application of complex recurrent spectral network to address vulnerabilities and ensure resilience  
  by Lalit Kumar Wadhwa, Prasad Baban Dhore, Atul B. Kathole, Vinod V. Kimbahune, Pooja A. Bagane, Amita Sanjiv Mirge 
  Abstract: This paper proposes transforming cyber security in modern power grids through the synergistic application of complex recurrent spectral network to address vulnerabilities and ensure resilience (TCS-MPG-CRSN) to address cyber threats in power grids. It utilises an adaptive two-stage unscented Kalman filter (ATSUKF) for data quality assessment, cleaning, and normalisation. The pre-processed data is fed into the complex recurrent spectral network (CRSN) for identifying and classifying cyber-attacks. The TCS-MPG-CRSN model was implemented in Python achieved, 20.77%, 34.55%, and 26.11% higher accuracy, 33.47%, 24.55%, and 22.18% higher precision, and 19.22%, 14.39%, and 24.66% higher recall compared to cyber-security in power systems using meta-heuristic and deep learning algorithms (CS-PS-ANN), classification of intrusion cyber-attacks in smart power grids using deep ensemble learning with metaheuristic-based optimisation (ICA-SPG-GWO), and attack graph model for cyber-physical power systems using hybrid deep learning (AGM-CPPS-DCNN).
  Keywords: adaptive two-stage unscented Kalman filter; complex recurrent spectral network; cyber-attack; smart grid; cyber security; modern power grids; attack classification.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10072792
   
  
• Implementation of a power management scheme for PV and battery fed single capacitor-based multi-input converter  
  by Parinita Mondal, Jayati Dey, Tapas Kumar Saha 
  Abstract: This work develops a PV and battery-operated hybrid power management scheme (HPMS) through a single capacitor-based multi-input converter (SCMIC). The proposed SCMIC integrates the PV and the battery of two different voltage levels through unidirectional and bidirectional circuital arrangements, respectively. The output DC link voltage is maintained at a steady reference level by controlling the discharging and charging operation of the battery, which successfully balances the power difference between the load and the available maximum power from the PV. The mathematical modelling of the proposed converter is developed in this work. A power management and control architecture is designed to meet the objectives of PV MPPT and the bidirectional power flow operation of the battery. The proposed system is implemented in simulation and real-time environments under several scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed system in all the operating conditions. The real-time performance of the system validates its simulation counterparts.
  Keywords: single-capacitor-based multi-input converter; SCMIC; PV MPPT; battery charging; hybrid power management scheme; HPMS; transient performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10073344
   
  
• Dynamic analysis of quasi-Z-source converters considering parasitic elements  
  by Gholamreza Shahabadi, Majid Reza Naseh, Fatemeh Bidar 
  Abstract: In this study, the Quasi-Z-Source converter (QZSC) has been investigated, accounting for all parasitic elements in inductors, capacitors, and semiconductor components. The mathematical model and operational mode of the QZSC have been selected based on the state-space averaging method and continuous conduction mode. The dynamic behavior of the system is examined using computational simulations, and the findings are presented through frequency response and pole-zero diagrams. The impact of the parasitic resistance of the inductor and capacitor on the gain of the QZSC has also been examined. Finally, the results of the simulations conducted with MATLAB software are presented to confirm the theoretical findings.
  Keywords: Z-source-converter; quasi-Z-source-converter; small-signal model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10073646
   
  
• A fast and chattering-free robust regulation tactic for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive systems based on a novel sliding mode reaching law  
  by Zhaiaibai Ma, Ye Wang 
  Abstract: This paper proposes a robust speed control strategy for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive systems, addressing common issues in traditional Sliding Mode Control (SMC) such as chattering and slow convergence. A Novel Sliding Mode Reaching Law (NSMRL) is introduced, based on system state variables and a power-modulated sliding surface term, constrained by the absolute value of the switching function. The proposed law, in two forms, significantly reduces chattering while enhancing convergence speed. To further improve disturbance rejection, an Extended State Observer (ESO) is employed to estimate external disturbances and provide adaptive feedforward compensation. The stability of the integrated NSMRL-ESO control structure is verified through Lyapunov theory. Experimental results under both steady-state (step input) and transient (ramp input) conditions demonstrate superior performance over conventional SMC in terms of convergence speed, tracking accuracy, current smoothness, and robustness to load variations, making it suitable for high-performance PMSM applications.
  Keywords: permanent magnet synchronous motor; PMSM; speed control; torque estimation; accuracy; sliding mode observers; SMO; sliding mode control; SMC.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10073690
   
  
• Model validation of double phase fault in pentagon connected FPIM through simulation and experimentation  
  by Jahera Shaik, R. Chudamani  
  Abstract: This research article dispenses a simulation validation as well as an experimental validation to a mathematical procedure proposed to model a double phase fault (DPF) in a five-phase induction machine (FPIM) operating in stator configurations specifically for pentagon. This proactive methodology makes it possible to test the machinery in a non-destructive way. This mathematical procedure involves the computation of the voltages across the open circuited phases in a double phase fault. The multi-phase induction machines present numerous advantages in comparison to their three-phase counterparts, such as reduced torque ripple, fault-tolerant capability etc. In this work, one of these features, fault-tolerant capability which makes multi-phase systems more approachable, is explicated under a defined scenario i.e., double phase fault. A double phase open circuited condition has two possibilities, adjacent double phase fault (ADPF) and non-adjacent double phase fault (NADPF). To begin with, a steady state model of FPIM operating under DPF is developed in stationary reference frame. The mathematical model using this approach is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink®and the results are exhaustively discussed. Further, the proposed model is experimentally verified using a laboratory prototype of 1.5 HP FPIM using dSPACE DS1104 and the results obtained are in concordance with those of simulation results.
  Keywords: five phase induction machine; pentagon connection; adjacent and non-adjacent double phase fault; model validation; torque ripple; fault current analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10073691
   
  
• Fault diagnosis method for power grid transformers by integrating improved AFSA and radial basis function network  
  by Man Xie, Limin Liu 
  Abstract: Power grid transformers are vital for stable power supply, and their failure can disrupt grid operations. Accurate fault diagnosis is essential to ensure reliability. This study proposes an improved artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) for transformer fault diagnosis, integrating radial basis function networks (RBFN) and kernel limit learning models to enhance accuracy. The method processes transformer data more effectively, reducing diagnosis errors by 0.014-0.029 compared to standalone RBFN. Fusion models achieved 4.9%-5.9% higher accuracy than RBFN alone. Notably, it excelled in gas concentration prediction, achieving zero deviation for C₂H₂. The results demonstrate superior performance over traditional methods, significantly improving fault diagnosis precision. This approach offers valuable guidance for maintaining transformer reliability in power grids.
  Keywords: improved AFSA; radial basis function network; power grid transformer; fault diagnosis; FD; gas prediction; GP.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10073751
   
  
• Development and implementation of novel solid-state transformer for future smart microgrid  
  by Nilesh Chothani, Dharmesh Patel, Swapnil Kumar 
  Abstract: Electrical transformers perform an imperative duty concerning bidirectional power flow and system flexibility. The progression of solid-state controllable devices, such as converters and inverters and the employment of power electronics in power systems have solved many issues in the present distribution network. Nowadays, solid-state transformers (SST) are replacing electromagnetic transformers by improving power quality and providing controllable features with distributed energy resources (DERs). This article presents the design and implementation of SST considering current and voltage control methods. The architecture of SST is developed with functionality such as regulation of voltage, control of current, solving issues of power quality and easy integration of DERs/EVs. AC-DC PWM-based boost rectifier stage, DC-DC dual active bridge with single phase shift control (SPS), and DC to AC inverter stage with space vector PWM have been designed and simulated as per the structure of SST. The article describes the developed hardware setup of the single-phase AC to DC active boost rectifier stage of SST in a laboratory environment. The proposed SST models with three stages have been developed in MATLAB, and outcomes have been investigated and furnished. The simulation and hardware results obey the required harmonic contents and provide good voltage regulation and power control.
  Keywords: boost rectifier; dual active bridge converter; pulse width modulation; PWM; single phase shift control; SPS; inverter; solid state transformer; SST.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10073905
   
  
• A high-efficiency step-up DC-DC converter for supporting auxiliary loads in fuel cell vehicles  
  by Navid Hadifar, Farzad Mohammadzadeh Shahir 
  Abstract: This paper presents a novel non-isolated, unidirectional DC-DC boost converter designed to support auxiliary subsystems in fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). The proposed topology achieves high voltage gain with low component stress, minimal input current ripple, and a common ground between input and output, features that are critical for extending fuel cell lifespan and improving system integration. Unlike conventional designs based on coupled inductors or cascaded stages, the proposed converter uses a simple structure consisting of one active switch, two inductors, and three capacitors. Comprehensive theoretical analysis is conducted, including power loss modeling and efficiency evaluation across variations in frequency, input voltage, and duty cycle. A 100W laboratory prototype was implemented and tested under open-loop conditions. Experimental results closely match theoretical predictions and confirm a peak efficiency of approximately 94.6%. These results demonstrate the converter’s suitability for low-power auxiliary applications in FCEVs, where reliability and high efficiency are essential.
  Keywords: DC-DC converter; electric vehicle; fuel cell; non-isolated; unidirectional converter.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10074263
   
  
• CKSO-BiLSTM: Energy Management Strategy of Hybrid Electric Vehicle using Optimized Torque Controller  
  by Haripriya H. Kulkarni, Manasi P. Deore, Netra Lokhande, Vidula S. Jape, Anagha Soman, Vidya Kodgirwar 
  Abstract: Optimal voltage vectors are selected to reduce the torque ripples and current harmonics and the control performance is improved. Multi-layer features and attention mechanisms are integrated to control the torque in the BiLSTM model. The dynamic performance of the motor is enhanced by calculating the torque and load variations. Function dimensionality is increased by the proposed optimization to solve the design problems and derive the finite solutions. The proposed FDO optimization is used for the power consumption of the motor and finds the optimal torque for the motor operation. The proposed method FDO-BiLSTM outperformed the results of dq current, mechanical power, RPM, speed and torque values are 230.32, 19.04, 64.12, 26.67 and 24.82. These outperformed results prove the effectiveness of the model and accurate control of torque
  Keywords: Bidirectional Long short-term memory; Torque control; Fish Dolphin optimization; Electric Vehicles and Energy management system.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10074351
   
  
• EMC Compliance and Disturbance Power Mitigation in Domestic Appliances from 30 to 300 MHz - A Practical Approach in an Inverter Washing Machine  
  by Mohamed Ibrahim, Eyhab El-kharashi, Maher El-Dessoki 
  Abstract: This paper presents a study on the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of an 8 kg washing machine equipped with inverter technology, with a specific focus on disturbance power one of the key parameters in conduction emission tests within the frequency range of 30 MHz to 300 MHz. The experiments were conducted in accordance with the CISPR 14-1:2020 standard. The study evaluates the electromagnetic disturbances emitted by the washing machine during typical operation and investigates the mitigation effect of an EMI filter commonly used in some types of home appliances to meet EMC compliance requirements. The effectiveness of the filter is quantified in terms of its ability to reduce conduction emission power. In addition to demonstrating a practical EMI mitigation approach, this research contributes to the broader understanding of emissions from inverter-driven appliances in residential environments. By measuring these disturbances, the study establishes a baseline that can support future research and EMC regulatory developments.
  Keywords: Electromagnetic interference EMI; Washing machine; Disturbance Power; Filter; Conduction Emission; Power quality.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10074641
   
  
• A High Precision Voltage Mode Band Gap Reference Circuit For Receiver Front-End  
  by S. Mohan Das, B. Shereesha, Pasupula Mallikarjuna, G. Rajyalakshmi, Shaik Mallika 
  Abstract: The receiver front-end transceivers use the BGR circuit, however, the requirement of high power, sensitivity, complexity design and dynamic range are considered as the difficulties in the system. Therefore, the Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) is added to the Proportional To Absolute Temperature (PTAT) generator cell to tackle the difficulties in the system and achieve a high factor. Specifically, the first and second-order temperature dependence terms are mutually compensated to compensate for the temperature coefficients . The length of the transistors is used to minimize the process variation effects and mismatches, which are also used to reduce power consumption by adding the bipolar transistors. The construction of the BGR circuit is made by the startup circuit, Complementary to Absolute Temperature (CTAT) and PTAT generator cell, which maintains the stable output even in the presence of transient response. The maximum reference voltage attained at the range of 1.2V.
  Keywords: Bandgap reference circuit; Receiver front-end transceivers; Reference voltage; generator cell; Temperature coefficients.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10074991
   
  
• Performance evaluation of metal-organic framework-derived heterojunction materials in the anode of lithium-ion batteries  
  by Changfeng Wang 
  Abstract: This study develops a novel high-efficiency anode material to enhance lithium-ion battery performance. Two heterostructured materials were synthesised: zinc selenide@nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres and cobalt sulfide@nitrogen-doped carbon@carbon nanocages. The former combines ZnSe nanoparticles from zeolite imidazole-8 with nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres. The latter features core-shell structures using ZIF-67 as a precursor. Results show that the nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres capped with zinc selenide achieve a discharge capacity of nearly 800 mAh/g at 0.1 C and around 700 mAh/g at 1.0 C, maintaining excellent cycle stability with a retention rate close to 800 mAh/g after 400 cycles. The cobalt sulfide@nitrogen-doped carbon@carbon nanocages possess porous structures beneficial for lithium ion transport. Overall, these composites hold promise as high-performance anode materials, providing new directions for development.
  Keywords: metal-organic framework; MOF; heterojunction materials; lithium-ion batteries; anode evaluation; composites.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10075169
   
  
• Design and efficiency analysis of lead free inorganicperovskite solar cells: the future solar technology  
  by Gurpreet Kaur, Hemant Kumar 
  Abstract: This paper presents theoretical research on perovskite solar cells (PSC). In todays energy landscape, the focus has shifted toward pollution-free energy generation while adhering to economic constraints. Renewable sources like solar and wind have taken a leading role in this transition. Due to their promising potential, this study emphasises the growing relevance of solar technologies in the renewable energy sector. The Earth receives a tremendous amount of solar radiation, which serves as a clean and environmentally friendly energy source. Photovoltaic (PV) devices can directly convert this solar energy into electrical energy however, traditional solar cells suffer from low efficiency and high manufacturing costs. Currently, researchers are increasingly exploring PSCs due to their superior PV performance. These next-generation solar cells offer a cost-effective alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells while achieving comparable efficiencies. In this study, we used cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) and tungsten trioxide (WO₃) as the hole and electron transport materials, respectively. We constructed the PSC structure using cesium tin halide-based perovskite, resulting in the configuration of Cu₂O/Cs₂SnI₆/WO₃. Our simulation results show that this configuration enhances the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by up to 31%.
  Keywords: inorganic perovskite solar cell; power conversion efficiency; PCE; hole transport material; electron transport material.
  
  
• Artificial intelligence-based MPPT techniques for solar PV-powered PEM electrolyser system  
  by Raj Kapur Kumar, Paulson Samuel 
  Abstract: Green hydrogen production is a sustainable energy solution, relying on renewable sources like solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. To ensure optimal efficiency, PV arrays must work at their maximum power point (MPP). However, traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods, such as perturb and observe (P&O), face challenges in adapting to fluctuating irradiance conditions, leading to inefficiencies in connected systems like proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysers. This paper presents an intelligence-driven artificial neural network (ANN) MPPT controller that deals with these issues and improves the performance of solar PV-powered PEM electrolyser systems. The ANN-based controller is designed to provide faster and more precise MPP tracking by effectively adapting to dynamic environmental conditions. Simulations conducted in MATLAB Simulink validate the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the ANN-based MPPT algorithm outperforms the conventional P&O method, offering faster computation times, higher efficiency, and stable operation even under variable irradiance. This ensures the efficient usage of solar PV energy for hydrogen generation, enhancing the complete sustainability of the structure.
  Keywords: ANN-based MPPT; electrolysis of water; green hydrogen production; P&O algorithm; renewable energy.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10075364