International Journal of Procurement Management (71 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Multi-item sustainable manufacturing model for cleaner production system under imprecise demand and random defective rate  
  by Saif Sami 
  Abstract: The present study revisits the multi-item economic production quantity model by considering that production process is not perfect with the planned backorder. The present study aims to make the production system as a cleaner production system by considering a reworking process for random defective items which is uniformly distributed. In addition to this, to make the production system cleaner, an investment is made to control the production process. Based on the reworking time, two different inventory models are proposed under the effect of uncertainty in demand. Impreciseness in demand is handled by applying fuzzy set theory. Centroid method is applied to defuzzified the objective function. The global optimal solution is derived by using a nonlinear optimisation technique. Numerical analysis with sensitive analysis is provided to illustrate the proposed model. From analysis it is observed that due to increase in investment, 98% reduction in waste management cost and 11% reduction in total cost is observed. Thus, investment in system improvement is helpful to achieve the task of clean production. The study also highlighted the advantage of outsourcing for a cleaner environment. In the end, sensitivity analyses are also carried out, and based on managerial insights are provided.
  Keywords: cleaner production; rework; random defective rate; multi-item; screening process.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10046304
   
  
• Public Procurement Reforms in The United Arab Emirates  
  by Karem Aboelazm 
  Abstract: This study deals with several concepts: centralised public procurement, decentralised public procurement, e-public procurement, and sustainable public procurement. It also explains the advantages and disadvantages of centralised and decentralised public procurement, the benefits of e-procurement in the UAE at the central and decentralised level, and its advantages in combating corruption. The study also illustrates the sustainable public procurement framework in the UAE with its three environmental, social, and economic dimensions. The study relied on descriptive and analytical approaches. It reached several results, the most important of which is that the centralised system at the federal level contributes to reducing public spending. The decentralised system contributes to the speed of meeting the needs of local administrations. It also achieved several positive results from applying the centralised and decentralised e-procurement system, which reduces corruption, and public spending on public procurement simplifies procedures and saves time and effort. The study also found that sustainability in public procurement achieves several social, economic, and environmental benefits.
  Keywords: public procurement; sustainable public procurement; e-public procurement; centralisation; decentralisation; UAE.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10060187
   
  
• An impact of purchase decision and brand selection of a car in India-an empirical study  
  by Kalai Mani, R. Eswaran 
  Abstract: This article throws light on different factors that influence customers towards the purchase decision made in the purchase of cars. The domestic automobile industry places significant importance on the Indian automobile market as one of its most important subsectors. An automobile, which in the earlier stage was seen as a luxury item for the urban middle class, has now evolved into the most desired form of personal transportation. The class-leading vehicle on the market for commercial vehicles is a four-stroke car that stands out for its good looks, low fuel consumption, and long-lasting quality and its purchase is influenced by a variety of psychological factors such as product design, quality and safety, brand name, specification and personal preference. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to confirm the factors used in this study were appropriate and reliable for the present context. A collective decision based on personal preference is highly influenced by car purchase decisions.
  Keywords: product; automobile; cars; brand; purchase decision; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10061701
   
  
• Exploring the Impact of Lean, Agile, Resilient, and Green (LARG) Supply Chain Practices on Organizational Performance through Mediating Role of Big Data Analytics  
  by Nourhan Saad, Mahmoud Barakat 
  Abstract: This research uses resource-based view and dynamic capabilities view to investigate the impact of lean, agile, resilient, and green supply chain (LARG-SC) practices on organisational performance through big data analytics. An online-based, self-administrative questionnaire was conducted from different companies in Egypt. Quantitative analysis was assessed through covariance based structural equation modelling for 622 responses using AMOS. The findings revealed that big data analytics can significantly mediate the relationship between LARG-SC practices and organisational performance. The findings provide an in-depth empirical illustration on understanding big data analytics and how it addresses the challenges of LARG-SC practices of companies in developing countries. This will help in extending both theoretical lenses resource-based view and dynamic capabilities view, especially that further studies are needed in emerging economies. In addition, the findings of this research will fall in line with Egyptian the strategic objective 2030 to be fully digitalised.
  Keywords: lean practices; agile practices; resilient practices; green practices; organisational performance; big data analytics; BDA.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10061953
   
  
• Do Strategic Management Accounting Techniques Rationalize Waste through Implementing MRP System in the Jordanian Industrial Environment  
  by Ashraf Bataineh, Ziyad Shwiyat, Omar Al-Bataineh 
  Abstract: This study aims to examine the mediating role of the Material requirements planning (MRP) system in the relationship between strategic management accounting techniques (SMAT) and waste rationalisation in production processes in the Jordanian industrial environment. A meticulously designed questionnaire is employed to measure the study variables. The questionnaire is disseminated among a purposively selected sample of 250 employees encompassing financial managers, department heads, accountants, and production department personnel affiliated with Jordanian public shareholding industrial companies. A total of 197 completed questionnaires are procured and subjected to rigorous statistical analysis using the (Smart-PLS-4) program. The empirical findings unequivocally demonstrate a significant influence of management accounting techniques (lean production, value engineering, and Kaizen costing) on waste rationalisation in production processes, particularly when MRP systems are effectively employed in the Jordanian industrial environment. Specifically, the Kaizen costing technique exerts the most substantial impact, followed by the Lean Production technique, whereas the value engineering technique exhibits the least pronounced influence. Based on these results, it is strongly recommended that industrial companies prioritise the meticulous documentation of available raw material inventory and associated costs, even within factory warehouses. Such practices play a vital role in achieving cost reduction and effectively mitigating waste in production processes.
  Keywords: strategic management accounting techniques; SMAT; material requirements planning; MRP; waste rationalisation; Jordanian industrial environment.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10062060
   
  
• Impact of Strategic Audit on Jordanian Industrial Enterprises' Efficiency  
  by Ayman Al-Shanti, Majed Qabajeh, Mohammad Jebreel, Abdul Rahman Al Natour, Mohammad Alnaimat 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of strategic audits on the performance efficiency of Jordanian industrial businesses. Using a descriptive methodology and a random sample of Jordanian firms and audit offices, the study emphasises the critical importance of strategic audits in resolving corporate problems and improving risk management. The research also highlights the link between good strategic audits and information systems. The paper recommends that strategic audits be aligned with corporate objectives, which organisations adapt to changing environments, and that administrative and accounting systems evolve. Improving human resources in internal control departments and employing holistic evaluation approaches, such as the balanced scorecard, are also advocated. Finally, the report stresses how strategic audits can improve the efficiency of Jordanian industrial enterprises by improving risk management and overall operational performance, while aligning procedures with the changing business landscape.
  Keywords: strategic audit; industrial enterprises; performance; efficiency; Jordan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10062062
   
  
• Factors Affecting the Default Risk of Private Customers at State-Owned Commercial Banks in Vietnam  
  by Kim Quoc Trung Nguyen  
  Abstract: The article estimates the influence of factors on the credit default risk of private customers at state-owned commercial banks in Ho Chi Minh City from 2019 to 2022. The article employs a quantitative research method using a binary logistic regression model to analyse the extent of the impact of various factors on the credit default risk probability of individual customers. The research results reveal that the model includes six statistically significant factors that affect the credit default probability of customers: loan term, income diversification, COVID-19, cash flows for repayment and loan purpose. Furthermore, through the Hosmer and Lemeshow test, the author concludes that there is no difference between actual and predicted values in predicting the default risk of private customers.
  Keywords: default risk; private customers; binary logistic; state-owned commercial bank; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10062225
   
  
• Malaysian SME Employees Accelerating into Digital Procurement Usage during COVID-19 Pandemic  
  by Kai Kit Soong  
  Abstract: Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic is a wake-up call to businesses who were slow to adopt digital initiatives This paper discusses Malaysian SMEs using digital procurement and the challenges posed by the COVID-19 outbreak to the SMEs This paper examined the way employees behaved in conjunction with the digital procurement environment Henceforth, this paper also examines how the Malaysian government, and the private sector are working together to address the procurement challenges Hence, Malaysia is among the few countries that have introduced digital procurement to improve the economic well-being of local small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that have ventured into the digital economy The benefaction of this study is that the digital economy will help support long-term growth and generate jobs for SMEs in developing countries This paper offers some recommendations to improve the Malaysian procurement system and outline an agenda for future research.
  Keywords: Keywords: Digital Procurement; Digital Economy; and COVID-19.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10062452
   
  
• Circular Economy in Green Public Procurement Procedures: an Intermediation Perspective in the Italian Setting  
  by Fausto Cammarano, Emanuele Pizzurno, Andrea Urbinati 
  Abstract: The concept of circular public procurement has been developed as an approach that extends the green public procurement one, recognising the relevance of circular economy-related dimensions in green public procurement procedures, such as resource reuse and efficiency. This notwithstanding, the circular economy criteria are not made completely explicit in the current green public procurement procedures in the Italian setting. To grasp how a more circular economy can be promoted in Italian green public procurement procedures, the case study of Consip, the major centralised purchasing centre for the most relevant public tenders and supplies in Italy, was conducted. Through a content analysis on secondary sources of information and interviews with experts involved in these procedures, the paper highlights the role played by intermediaries to support supplier companies to establish a relationship with major public purchasing centres and to overcome potential barriers when deciding to approach a green public procurement procedure.
  Keywords: circular economy; green public procurement; circular public procurement; sustainability; intermediation; Italian setting; case study.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10062580
   
  
• Investigating Factors of Loyalty Intention among M-Banking Users: An Integrated Model  
  by Thuy Dung Pham Thi  
  Abstract: This study seeks to understand the factors that influence the loyalty intentions of mobile banking users. We employ the technology acceptance model (TAM) and security risk trust (SRT) model, using prospect theory as a theoretical framework, enriching it with variables such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk, security, privacy, and trust. This study surveyed mobile banking users in Vietnam and collected 501 valid questionnaires. The empirical findings indicate that perceived risk has a negative impact on trust, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and loyalty intention. In contrast, both perceived security and privacy have positive effects on trust, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. Moreover, trust, perceived security, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use all directly bolster the loyalty intention of users. Finally, perceived security acts as a precursor to perceived risk. The findings offer theoretical and practical insights on how to enhance customers' loyalty intention.
  Keywords: mobile banking; intention; loyalty; technology acceptance model; TAM; prospect theory; security risk trust; SRT.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10062907
   
  
• Behaviour towards Eco-Friendly Shopping Bags, the Roles of Product Attributes, Personal Environmental Consciousness and Supply-Based Factors  
  by Minh-Thu T. Nguyen, Huong-Giang Pham, Tuan Anh Truong 
  Abstract: Plastic waste reduction has been widely examined for the last few decades. Long-term solutions should promote the adoption of alternatives to plastic products. This study investigates the roles of product attributes, personal environmental consciousness and retailer-based factors in explaining consumer behaviour towards adopting eco-friendly shopping bags in an emerging market second-order model with the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) analysis approach, we found that personal environmental consciousness, supply-based factors and price significantly affect consumers behaviour toward eco-friendly bags directly. The product attributes do not directly affect behaviour but indirectly drive the behaviour of eco-friendly bag usage via attitude towards environmentally friendly shopping bags. Based on these findings, this research provides recommendations for policymakers, shopping bags producers and retailers.
  Keywords: sustainable products; eco-friendly shopping bags; plastic waste reduction; product attributes; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10062921
   
  
• The Role of Ethics in Public Sector Procurement Theoretical Study for Enlightenment Underpinnings of Ethics  
  by Karem Aboelazm 
  Abstract: This paper sought to present a concept of ethical behaviours in the field of public service in general and in public procurement in particular, as the issue of ethics is considered one that does not end up being addressed by literature or law. The study also attempted to identify ethical values in public procurement by reviewing the public office's most critical moral values. The descriptive approach was used to review the various definitions of ethics and values of public service. The analytical approach was also used to determine the causes and motives for the moral collapse in public procurement and the causes of deviation in this field. Some mechanisms have been found that can be used to overcome this problem, which is considered a significant challenge to public procurement systems in many countries.
  Keywords: ethics; morals; public office; public procurement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10062967
   
  
• Purchasing Inventory Models for Deteriorating Items with Price-Growth -Exponential Demand under Inflation - in 4th order equation  
  by Sivashankari C.K., Dr. Choudri V. 
  Abstract: In this study, a buying inventory model for degrading products with the price-growth-exponential dependent demand under inflation in 4th-order equations. The literature has a variety of demand models, such as price-dependent, stock-dependent, exponential, quadratic, linear, and constant. However, no research has used the price-growth-exponential dependent demand model. Three models have been created: The first model utilises price-dependent demand with the growth of demand in the fourth-order equation, the second model utilises price-dependent demand, growth of demand, and continuous compound demand in the fourth order equation, and the third model utilises inflation in model 2 with the fourth order equation. In all three models, the price-breakeven point is determined, and the law of demand is varied. Comparative research is performed among price-growth of demand, price-growth-exponential demand, and price-growth-exponential demand under the time value of money. The holding cost is less in model three. For every model, mathematical models are outlined, and pertinent examples are given to clarify the suggested process. Achieving the best order amounts and order intervals in relation to overall cost and profit is the goal here. Sensitivity analyses are included for the three different models. VB 6.0 was used to create the required data.
  Keywords: price-dependent demand; growth of demand; continuous compound demand; optimality; forth order equations; time-value of money.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10062968
   
  
• Decoding Indian Growth: Women Techpreneurs Lead the Way  
  by Ramalingam S, Rajendra Gounder 
  Abstract: This study dives into how women entrepreneurs in India is thrive. The study focused on important things like getting money, being creative, spotting opportunities, and overall business growth. Using a simple survey with 496 women entrepreneurs, this study used math to see what factors really matter. Results show that getting money and being creative are key for business ideas and growth. But, getting money does not impact overall business growth much. This study helps us understand what women entrepreneurs need and suggests ways for policymakers to support them. In the future, the study can look more into different industries, study changes over time, and see how policies affect women's businesses.
  Keywords: women entrepreneurship; access to finance; ATF; innovativeness; opportunity recognition; OR; business development.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10062969
   
  
• Behavioral intelligence applied to leadership in supply chains  
  by Edson Macedo Carli, Mauro Vivaldini, Victor Silva Correa, Ernesto Michelangelo Giglio 
  Abstract: This article discusses behavioural intelligence (BI) applied to decision-making through a conceptual proposal focused on supply chain (SC) performance indicators. The research uses theory related to organisational behaviour to support the understanding of BI and build the conceptual model focused on SC performance indicators. The article illustrates how BI can be adopted for the training, development, and conditioning of managers to direct their decisions, as well as helping to fill gaps related to the still limited knowledge regarding how BI can influence SC performance indicators. Fewer studies have sought to identify the importance of BI, in generating value in the SC. This work illustrates the application of BI as a professional preparation tool focused on SC performance. Applying BI has a direct and essential relationship with professionals' quality of life.
  Keywords: behavioural intelligence; supply chain; performance indicators; emotional intelligence.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10062973
   
  
• Impact of Support Services and Accessibility on Residential Satisfaction: An Empirical Evidence from Surat City  
  by Gopal Goswami, Hemantkumar P. Bulsara 
  Abstract: Society's support services and proximity to services affect residents' home satisfaction. To assess home quality and well-being, satisfaction must be measured. This study examines support services, accessibility, and residential satisfaction using literature and empirical data. A positive correlation was found between residents’ satisfaction with their living environment and the availability of support services, such as healthcare facilities, educational institutions, recreational amenities, and social assistance programs. It is also highlighted that residential satisfaction is affected by accessibility to nearby services, such as grocery stores, public transportation, parks, and community centres. It goes on to identify what the future scope of the study should be, such as the need to conduct studies in diverse cultural contexts, to utilise longitudinal research designs, to explore mediating factors, and to incorporate technological advancements into the study. Policymakers and urban planners may fill these research gaps to improve support services, accessibility, and community diversity.
  Keywords: residential satisfaction; support services; accessibility to nearby services; Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna; PMAY; cross-sectional study.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10063072
   
  
• Optimal inventory policy under price and time-dependent demand and partial backlogging supported by preservation strategy  
  by Loganayaki S, Kirupa K 
  Abstract: The present study outlines an inventory model for non-instantaneous deteriorating items with an investment in preservation technology. The deterioration rate is modelled using a two-parameter Weibull distribution, and customer demand is dependent on both time and selling price. Accordingly, the demand rate is a multiplication of a power time function and an exponential price function. The inventory system permits partial backlogging of demand. Additionally, the supplier extends a trade credit facility to the retailer for the smooth operation of the business. Three cases are analysed based on the credit facility. The primary objective of the study is to ascertain the maximum profit by identifying the optimal values for preservation technology investment, selling price, positive inventory time, and cycle time. An algorithm for profit maximisation is formulated and validated through numerical examples. Subsequently, a sensitivity analysis is conducted, and the study provides valuable managerial insights derived from the findings.
  Keywords: inventory; non-instantaneous deterioration; Weibull distribution; nonlinear holding cost; power demand pattern; partial backlogging; trade credit; preservation technology investment.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10063239
   
  
• Comparative Study of South Korea and the U.S.'s Exclusion Mechanisms  
  by Jungmin Lee 
  Abstract: Exclusions are important tools that government agencies possess to ensure that they only work with responsible contractors. While the US and South Koreas exclusion systems are sharing the same basic function which is to exclude non responsible contractors from competing in public procurement markets, they have subtle but significant differences in the purposes, officials discretion, scope, and effects and so on. Excluding contractors from competing for US federal procurement contracts is traditionally viewed as a business decision, so the US system is flexible, and its officials have a lot of discretion to determine whether to exclude the misconduct. On the other hand, the purpose of the South Korean system seems to be punishment, and the agencies have little discretion to determine whether to sanction or not. As South Korea's society has advanced enough, it is worth trying to change to a flexible and efficient exclusive system.
  Keywords: debarment; suspension; exclusion; government contract; procurement; South Korea.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10063240
   
  
• Last Mile Distribution in Omni-Channel of the Retail Industry: Sustainable and Green Development for Emerging Economies  
  by Tuong Anh Nguyen Thi, Minh-Thu T. Nguyen, Huong-Giang Pham, Nguyen Huu That 
  Abstract: As customers increasingly demand seamless shopping, an omni-channel supply chain has become necessary. A systematic literature review shows that the focus of the current distribution literature has evolved to multichannel network. However, recent research contributions only focus on last-mile logistics and last-mile delivery; contributions on last-mile distribution still need to be more systematic. By synthesising 28 articles, this study identifies research opportunities and encourages academics to complement last-mile distribution with empirical studies in omni-channel environments. Research on this issue becomes even more limited, especially in emerging economies. The framework and future research directions assist producers, retailers, and logistics service providers in proposing the last-mile distribution models, decision-making, and strategy development. Through omni-channel, firms will achieve sustainable development while achieving green development depends on the characteristics of the distribution channel, the environmental behaviour of customers, and the business operations.
  Keywords: Last mile distribution; Omni-channel; Supply Chain; Logistics; Last mile delivery; Sustainability.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10063241
   
  
• Supply Chain Strategic Shielding: An IPMA Approach to Unveiling the Serial Mediating Effects of Risk Management and Resilience in the Entrepreneurial Orientation-Firm Performance Relationship in Indian Manufacturing SMEs  
  by Manigandan R, Naga Venkata Raghuram J, Pulidindi Venugopal 
  Abstract: This study aims to study the impact of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on firm performance (FP), particularly emphasising the mediating role of supply chain resilience (SCR) and supply chain risk management practices (SCRMP) in SMEs through a metaverse perspective. The study utilises the RBV theory and dynamic capability view theory. The data were collected from owners and managers in Indian manufacturing SMEs. The study utilised a non-probability purposive sampling technique. There are 252 samples for the data analysis process. Descriptive data analysis through SPSS, hypothesis testing through Smart PLS (3.0). Employing an importance-performance map (IPMA) approach, we aim to unravel the sequential mediating mechanisms that link EO to FP through SCRMP and SCR. The findings reveal that EO positively influences SCRMP. Furthermore, SCR emerges as a crucial mediator, sequentially transmitting the positive effects of EO through SCRMP to ultimately impact FP. Eventually, this research will help create practical plans to support SMEs competitiveness and sustainable growth.
  Keywords: Entrepreneurial orientation; firm performance; supply chain risk management practices; supply chain resilience; dynamic capability view.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10063404
   
  
• Challenges Facing the Implementation of Electronic Procurement in the Ghanian Construction Industry: the Perspective of Contractors and Consultants  
  by Derrick Alfa, DeGraft Owusumanu, Philip Opare 
  Abstract: The construction industry is vital for Ghana's economic development yet faces challenges due to traditional paper-based procurement methods. This study investigates obstacles to electronic procurement adoption in Ghana's construction sector. Using a quantitative approach, data was collected via questionnaires distributed to contractors and consultants in Accra, with 40 respondents providing insights from 70 distributed questionnaires. Analytical tools like RII, Cronbach's alpha, Kendall's coefficient, and factor analysis were employed. Top challenges include infrastructure unavailability, data integrity violation, lack of standardised systems, data loss risk, and fear of system unreliability. Factor analysis condensed 23 factors into technological, compliance, user experience, organisational, resource, and infrastructure challenges. This pioneering research sheds light on Ghana's electronic procurement challenges within its construction industry.
  Keywords: construction; electronic procurement; public procurement; procurement; information technology; challenges; Ghana; projects.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10063409
   
  
• Enhancing the professionalisation in public sector procurement workforce for good governance: a comparative study  
  by Karem Aboelazm 
  Abstract: This study discussed several concepts represented in the study's conceptual framework, which was based on the ideas of profession, professionalism, and professionalisation. It also addressed the importance of professionalising public procurement jobs and its impact on the performance of public procurement. The study also analysed the most prominent international practices in raising public procurement workers' efficiency and capabilities to bring them to the point of complete professionalism in public purchasing. The study dealt with the experiences of several distinguished countries, such as the American Federal Reserve and New Zealand, and their achievement of advanced successes, in addition to the practical qualification of workers in public procurement and their interest in reaching this profession to professionalism, specialised academic degrees in public procurement were created, and the study relied on two basic approaches in the methods for researching this topic are the descriptive analytical method and the comparative method.
  Keywords: professionalisation; professionalism; capacity; performance; public procurement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10063452
   
  
• Lean Thinking for a Green Tomorrow: Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Lean Manufacturing with a Focus on Innovation Culture in the South Indian Food Processing Industry  
  by Manigandan Raman, Geetha Krishnan, Naga Venkata Raghuram J, Pulidindi Venugopal 
  Abstract: This study aims to investigate the impact of lean manufacturing practices (LMP) on environmental performance (EP) in the food processing industry in South India, with the moderating role of innovation culture (IC). This study assesses how lean manufacturing practices implementation, emphasising waste reduction and process optimisation, influences the environmental footprint of food processing operations. The study conceptual model is based on diffusion innovation theory. The data was collected from owners and managers. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire survey of 265 food processing industries located in south India. the descriptive analysis through SPSS and hypothesis testing through SmartPLS. additionally, this study performed process macro analysis and IPMA analysis. The results indicate that lean manufacturing practices positively influence environmental performance. Innovation culture positively moderates the relationship between lean manufacturing practices on environmental performance. Findings aim to provide insights into the interplay between LPM, IC and EP, providing valuable implications for practitioners, policymakers, and academics striving to enhance sustainability practices in the dynamic landscape of South India's food processing industry.
  Keywords: lean manufacturing practices; innovation culture; environmental performance; PLS-SEM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10063625
   
  
• Competition, Savings, and Accountability: A Study of Albania's Public Procurement of Services  
  by Edlira Martiri, Etion Kapedani 
  Abstract: This study examines the evolution of competition in Albania's public procurement of services sector from 2010 to 2022, utilising quantitative analysis of data from the Public Procurement Agency. Key indicators, such as average bids per tender, funding allocations, contract numbers, disqualified bids, and single vs. multiple bid contracts have been assessed. The research reveals a concerning 45% decline in bid competition over the study period, despite increased funding and contracts, posing challenges to cost-effectiveness. The prevalence of single-bid contracts exacerbates this issue. Importantly, the study highlights a direct link between competition levels and cost savings in services procurement. To enhance transparency and efficiency, future research should investigate the factors contributing to this decline, aiding policymakers in fostering a fair and sustainable procurement ecosystem, promoting economic growth and equity.
  Keywords: public procurement; competition trends; services procurement; Albania; Western Balkans; transparency; integrity; savings; sustainable growth.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10063713
   
  
• Procurement and Predictions: Analysing Crude Palm Oil Markets in India using GARCH approach  
  by Supriya R, Rajesh Mamilla 
  Abstract: This research investigates volatility and price discovery in India's crude palm oil (CPO) spot and futures markets, using the GARCH (1, 1) model to analyse data from the multi commodity exchange (MCX) from April 2018 to March 2022, a period impacted by COVID-19. The study reveals a strong, long-term interconnection between the spot and futures markets, characterised by error correction mechanisms. A significant finding is the R_FUTURE variable's major influence on market volatility through its impact on conditional variance. These results are vital for stakeholders like market participants, policymakers, and researchers, offering insights into the commodity market dynamics in India during a global crisis, and aiding in informed decision-making and policy development in commodity markets.
  Keywords: volatility transmission; long-term relationship; price discovery; GARCH model; crude palm oil; CPO; spot and futures; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10063715
   
  
• Ethics in Outsourcing of Procurement: A Case Study in a Professional Services Firm  
  by Marcio Panassol, Gilmar Masiero 
  Abstract: Global economic changes have heightened competitiveness, prompting organisations to prioritise their core competencies while seeking business partners to handle non-core activities. This article presents a case study of a professional services firm that outsourced its procurement function, aiming to assess the need for and implementation of changes in its ethics and compliance program. The case study is organised into three sections: a review of relevant literature on ethics and procurement outsourcing activities, an examination of technical documents from the service firm, and interviews with three executives possessing practical experience in the field. Based on the literature review and empirical field study, it was observed that although there were appropriate changes in the firms governance structure, no substantial modifications were made to the compliance and ethical program. The study underscores the importance of considering compliance and ethical programs when implementing changes, particularly in the context of the firms governance structure.
  Keywords: ethics outsourcing; make or buy; procurement outsourcing; professional services; core competencies; compliance programs; governance structures; supply chain resilience; risk management.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10063718
   
  
• Responses to Economic Challenges the preferences and reputation of market players in public procurement  
  by Gyöngyi Vörösmarty, Tunde Tatrai 
  Abstract: Market players respond to economic challenges in public procurement in various ways to improve public procurement efficiency. Securing supply to ensure stable operations requires flexibility and openness. The aim of this paper is to compare practices in the period before the coronavirus pandemic, and after the lockdowns, which was associated with economic challenges. By exploring stakeholders' perceptions of conflict, this paper analyses the changes in attitudes of contracting authorities and tenderers in terms of reputation, trust, and communication. The results show more openness to joint problem-solving and informal relations with suppliers, which requires a reassessment of the phenomena of unethical behaviour, information sharing and cooperation in procurement.
  Keywords: public procurement; efficiency; reputation; conflict resolution.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10063845
   
  
• Innovation Resistance in Mobile Payment Adoption Among Micro and Small Enterprises in Blitar Regency, East Java, Indonesia  
  by Anna Widayani, Nilawati Fiernaningsih, Pudji Herijanto 
  Abstract: This research aims to explore the phenomenon of innovation resistance to digital payment among micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Indonesia. Despite the growing popularity of digital payment solutions in the country, many MSEs still exhibit reluctance in adopting these technologies. Thisresearch is a quantitative research with a survey method. The population in this study is the owner of MSE in Blitar City, amounting to 4,793 MSE with a sample of 100 MSE. Data was gathered using questionnaire and analyzed using SEM-PLS software. The results of this study indicate that barriers to use, values, traditions, and images have a positive and significant effect on innovation resistance. Meanwhile, the risk barrier negatively and significantly affects innovation resistance. The innovation resistance variable has a positive and significant effect on behavioral intentions. In addition, behavioral intentions positively and significantly affect the actual use of mobile payments.
  Keywords: Innovation Resistance; SME; Mobile Payment; usage; risk; value.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10064012
   
  
• Analysing the Role of Public Relations in the Corporate Social Responsibility  
  by Zainab Sahiba, Sheikh Arafat Hassan 
  Abstract: Corporate social responsibility works to address a range of social issues impacting the communities where the company operates in an effort to better the standard of living there. The evaluation of public relations' contribution to corporate social responsibility is the main objective of this study. To achieve its goals, the research in this study uses quantitative research techniques. The study's target audience consists of public relations specialists. Convenience sampling methods were used to calculate the sample size. As methods for analysing data, SEM, correlation, and regression analysis will all be used. The results support the premise that conservatives and media relations have negative substantial effects on corporate social responsibility whereas communication, issue management, and the ideal role of public relations officers have positive and noteworthy effects.
  Keywords: corporate social responsibility; CSR; leadership; public relations; sustainability.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10064128
   
  
• Dysfunctions in procurement process according to the Lean approach: case study of a university hospital centre  
  by Mokhles Sabour 
  Abstract: Purchasing within all organisations is a major issue for their overall performance. This study aims to identify the three families of waste: Muda; Muri; and Mura, through the purchasing process of the University Hospital. Indeed, the results of this study show that the bottlenecks of the purchasing process are a non-performing information and communication system; excessive bureaucracy and control; and a non-standardised functional organisation. These results confirm that the waste concept of lean management is applicable to the public sector, where administrative bureaucracy is the main dysfunction, which has been corroborated by the literature.
  Keywords: lean process; hospital purchasing; public procurement; 3Ms method; waste management; public management; process analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10064239
   
  
• Performance Outcomes of Supplier Development: A Hybrid Approach  
  by Dalvi Manojkumar, Vishal Bhosale, Anjali More 
  Abstract: The objective of the study is to investigate and comprehend the interrelationships and dependencies among supplier development performance outcomes (SDPOs) in order to facilitate a systematic execution of supplier performance improvement through supplier development (SD). The combination of two methodologies interpretive structural modelling (ISM) and fuzzy matrice dimpacts crois
  Keywords: fuzzy MICMAC; supplier development; vendor development.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10064423
   
  
• Scheduling of Bus Rapid Transit Station Construction Project Using Dependency Structure Matrix in India  
  by Electricwala Fatima, Rakesh Kumar 
  Abstract: The bus rapid transit station is critical in determining public transport efficiency. Uncertainties arise due to the urban arterial road layout setup, which leads to scheduling changes and delays in project completion. The secondary data were collected from two BRT stations, including project completion and cause of delay encountered. Conventional planning practices disregarded iterative and inter-disciplinary activities, leading to suboptimal scheduling, rework, and time overrun. The analytical design planning technique (ADePT) has been introduced as a planning methodology that leverages a dependency structure matrix (DSM). The DSM-based scheduling technique incorporates design activity information, iteration design process, sequential activities, and rework risk into the competing internal and cross-stage activities that give optimised schedule sequences. The developed analytical tool fits shorter schedules, overlapped tasks and validation. This study suggests that identifying overlap activities and rework time can lead to the effective use of resources for the timely completion of station construction.
  Keywords: bus rapid transit; BRT; station; construction; schedule; dependency structure matrix; DSM; overlapping; rework; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10064465
   
  
• Three Decades of Research on Earnings Management - A Bibliometric Literature review  
  by Charlotte Haugland Sundkvist, Dag Øivind Madsen, Ziaul Haque Munim, Tonny Stenheim 
  Abstract: This study uses a bibliometric approach to analyse the evolution of research on earnings management, an influential topic in accounting research that emerged during the 1980s. We extracted data from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, covering the period from 1987 to 2021. The extracted bibliography data were analysed using the Biblioshiny tool in RStudio software. We performed two types of analyses: 1) citation-based bibliometric analysis of influential journals, authors, articles, and countries; 2) longitudinal mapping of the evolution of earning management research. Themes related to IFRS, corporate governance, and variations across institutional/regulatory environments are identified through bibliographic coupling. Further, we identify and discuss several directions for future research on earnings management.
  Keywords: earnings management; financial accounting; scientometrics; biblioshiny; literature review.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10064628
   
  
• Enhancing high-tech exports: harnessing logistics efficiency and sustainable development goals through a moderated mediation approach  
  by Mahmoud Barakat, Ahmed Ali 
  Abstract: Drawing on transaction cost theory and knowledge-based view, this research aims to investigate the impact of logistics performance on high-tech industries' exports (HTEX) through SDG-9.B. In addition, it tests the moderating effect of SDG-9.5 on the indirect association between logistics performance and HTEX through SDG-9.B. Data were collected from the World Bank, covering 168 countries from 2007 to 2018. Using a mediation and moderated mediation analysis techniques, results revealed that the logistics performance index (LPI) as a proxy of logistics performance could positively affect medium and high-tech industries manufacturing (MHTI) as a proxy for SDG-9.B; MHTI significantly mediates the relationship between LPI and HTEX. Furthermore, research and development as a proxy for SDG-9.5 can significantly moderate the indirect relationship between the LPI and HTEX through MHTI. This research will help extend global supply chain literature, through focusing on LPI and exports while using international data.
  Keywords: logistics performance index; LPI; Sustainable Development Goal 9; medium and high-tech industries; high-tech industry exports; panel data.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10064705
   
  
• Impact Of Procurement Management Practices on The Project Performance: Perspective of Project Management Firms  
  by Ruua Al Yazeedi, Asif Rana 
  Abstract: The general purpose of the study is to determine how procurement practices, such as project performance, need assessment, supplier sourcing, and contract management practice, influence the performance of projects in project management organisations. An exploratory research approach used for the study, and a quantitative analysis is done, while the other portion contains the four primary independent variables and one dependent variable. This is a practical sample strategy, and a total of 100 managers, contractors and project management contacted for the same. Data analysis is done using SPSS Version 25, including a reliability check. Empirical data are gathered in this study strategy to test the hypothesis. Additionally, statistical analyses are performed. The researcher assesses the effectiveness of procurement procedures in terms of need assessment, supplier sourcing, and contract management. The efficacy of procurement practices on the execution of the project is a research gap that the study attempts to solve.
  Keywords: procurement practices; project management; project performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10064956
   
  
• Considering Continuous Review Policy in a Two-Echelon Inventory System using a Reinforcement Learning Approach  
  by Adele Behzad, Mohammadali Pirayesh, Mohammad Ranjbar 
  Abstract: This research focuses on analysing a two-echelon inventory system comprising a central warehouse and several identical retailers. The system utilises a continuous review policy for replenishment across all facilities. The demand at the retailers follows an independent Poisson process, and the lead times are subject to stochastic variability without a pre-defined probability distribution. Additionally, the lead time for the warehouse, sourced from an external supplier, is assumed to remain constant. Unfulfilled demand is lost at the retailers, while it is backlogged at the warehouse. To optimise the ordering points and predetermined order sizes at all echelons, a reinforcement learning algorithm is developed. The proposed algorithm's effectiveness is evaluated through simulation and comparison with existing literature solutions. Moreover, the algorithm is implemented with both ordering points and order sizes as decision variables, demonstrating the efficacy of the Q-learning algorithm in this context.
  Keywords: multi-echelon inventory system; continuous review; lost sales; reinforcement learning.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10065268
   
  
• The Crude Challenge: The Influence of Oil Prices on Automobile Industry Dynamics  
  by Debanjalee Bose, Sakthi Srinivasan K 
  Abstract: The research examines how crude oil prices affect automotive sector stock prices, using ARMA and GARCH models for detailed study. It finds that companies react differently, underlining the challenges of predicting stock trends amid economic shifts. The study also notes an absence of consistent volatility patterns across companies, indicating diverse volatility behaviours. This research significantly advances our understanding of crude oil's subtle effects on automotive stocks, suggesting further areas for detailed analysis and model improvements. The effect of crude oil prices on the automobile industry's stock volatility over 18 years, using data from Yahoo Finance. The study selects nine key companies from the NIFTY 50 automobile indices for understanding the volatility. Advanced statistical models like ARMA, ARCH, and GARCH are employed to assess the impact of crude oil price fluctuations on stock prices, aiming to explore the patterns, trends, and relationships between crude oil prices and stock performance.
  Keywords: crude oil prices; automobile industry; stock volatility; ARMA; GARCH; econometric models; market dynamics; statistical analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10065318
   
  
• From Inactive to Proactive: Examining Social Sustainability Approaches and Relational Dynamics in Procurement from a Social Capital Perspective  
  by Jad E.L. Bizri, Sven-Anders Stegare 
  Abstract: This study investigates how social sustainable procurement is characterised in terms of relational dynamics and its impact on social sustainability outcomes. Adopting qualitative research with a focus on the social capital lens, 21 semi-structured interviews with 30 respondents were conducted in the Swedish hospitality sector. Our findings point towards four distinct social sustainability approaches: inactive, reactive, active, and proactive. These approaches are influenced by the relational dynamics, encompassing dialogue, goal and cultural value congruence, and frequency of interaction. The study highlights the pivotal role of dialogue as a catalyst for transitioning from an inactive to a proactive approach. This research contributes to the development of a theoretical framework rooted in social capital theory, examining how relational dynamics influence the selection of social sustainability strategies. Furthermore, it provides valuable managerial insights, offering a social sustainability-procurement trajectory model that assists managers in assessing their strategic standing and guides them to specific improvements.
  Keywords: social sustainability; procurement; social capital; relational dynamics; Swedish hospitality.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10065320
   
  
• Sustainable Inventory Model for Price and Credit-Dependent Demand with Carbon Emissions Cap and Trade  
  by Nita Shah, Naisargi Prajapati 
  Abstract: This presented article considers sustainable inventory policies and trade credit. Demand varies because of the trade credit period and selling price provided by retailers to consumers. Under the carbon cap-and-trade and carbon tax protocols, it is also affected by environmental sensitivity due to carbon emissions generated by consumers. Therefore, in this article, demand is dependent on selling price, credit period, and total carbon emissions. Decision inventory models are created under three different cases: without regulations, with carbon tax regulation, and with carbon cap-and-trade regulations. Then the obtained results are analysed using the numerical examples to validate the proposed model. Using sensitivity analysis, graphs are presented to check the outcome of parameters on the defined decision variables. The report concludes with its findings and a prediction for potential future research.
  Keywords: trade credit; carbon tax regulations; CT regulations; carbon cap-and-trade regulations; CCAT regulations.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10065336
   
  
• Macroeconomic Factors Affect Capital Adequacy Ratio at Vietnamese Commercial Banks  
  by Kim Quoc Trung Nguyen 
  Abstract: The paper aims to estimate the effect of macro-economic factors on the capital adequacy ratio at commercial banks in Vietnam: national governance quality, COVID-19, economic growth, and inflation. Using the quantitative method (feasible generalised least squares-FGLS and generalised method of moments-GMM), except for inflation, the remaining macro-economic factors are statistically significant at 5%. It means that national governance quality and economic growth hurt the capital adequacy ratio, while COVID-19 affects the ratio positively. The study also highlights the role of compliance in maintaining capital adequacy during a global crisis, such as the COVID-19 outbreak, because commercial banks will need more capital to absorb shocks in the period of financial instability caused by the pandemic. Furthermore, the author has tackled endogeneity concerns by using instrumental variables and conducted robustness tests to enhance the reliability and impartiality of the research findings.
  Keywords: capital adequacy ratio; CAR; commercial banks; COVID-19; national governance quality; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10065679
   
  
• Payment Methods and Sustainable Inventory Management in Online Business: A Comparative Analysis  
  by Manoj Kumar Sharma, Shubham Bhushan, Pragati Bhardwaj 
  Abstract: In the dynamic world of online business, the choice of payment methods plays a crucial role in shaping how inventory is managed. Firstly, cash on delivery are examined for their immediate liquidity benefits, which help in quickly turning over inventory and managing cash flow efficiently. Secondly, advance payments are analysed for their ability to offer upfront capital, thus reducing the need for extensive inventory financing. Finally, credit payments (buy-now-pay-later and EMI options) are assessed for their potential to boost sales volume and consumer purchasing power. In this study employs a demand-sensitive pricing approach and explores investments in preservation technology. The decision-making process incorporates considerations of carbon emission policies and investment of preservation technology. The primary focus is on a comparative analysis of payment schemes in the context of online inventory management. Theoretical insights are validated through numerical examples and sensitivity analyses to derive practical managerial implications.
  Keywords: e-commerce business; price sensitive demand; preservation technology; payment schemes; deterioration; carbon emission.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10065983
   
  
• Upstream Decision To Buy Local Products: How Government Role Moderates The Influence Of Product Quality And Capacity On Intention to Buy  
  by Widi Santuso, Mochammad Al Musadieq, Kadarisman Hidayat, Sunarti Sunarti 
  Abstract: This research aims to test and analyse the effect of product quality and capacity on the intention and decision to buy local products with the government's role as a moderating variable. This study takes a quantitative approach by collecting data through questionnaires distributed directly to 90 companies and then analysing them using structural equation modelling (SEM). The research results showed that product quality and capacity significantly influenced the intention to buy local products and the decision to buy local products, and the intention to buy local products had a significant positive effect on the decision to buy local products. Meanwhile, the government's role significantly moderates the influence of product quality and capacity on the decision to buy local products. The research introduces a novel dimension by unveiling the significant moderating government role in shaping the impact of product quality and capacity on the decision to buy local products.
  Keywords: capacity; government role; intention to buy; local product purchase; product quality.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10066062
   
  
• Revealing the Power of Collaboration in Research and Innovation  
  by Farah Atiqah Sharif, Aslan Amat Senin 
  Abstract: Community, academics, business leaders, and the government must work together to spend, come up with new ideas, set standards, and work towards a wide range of goals in reaction to the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4 IR) and demand. Collaboration in study and creation has been talked about for a long time in academia. Still, it is hard to implement this idea, especially in developing and poor countries. This article intends to discuss the guidelines to initiate research and innovation collaboration to explore the channels of research and innovation collaboration and its importance towards collaboration partners. This article employs a systematic literature review approach, utilising thematic analysis to uncover patterns and themes within the data gathered from prior literature reviews and books. This study provides explicit guidelines and phases for research and innovation collaboration while also identifying formal and informal collaboration channels and characteristics affecting channel selection.
  Keywords: research; innovation; phases; channels; collaboration.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10066132
   
  
• The Antecedents of Acceptance of Halal Food among Non-Muslims in Ghana Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Value-Belief-Norm Theory  
  by Edward Markwei Martey  
  Abstract: This paper aims to examine the antecedents of acceptance of halal food among non-Muslims in Ghana using the extended theory of planned behaviour. The study employed a judgmental sampling method to collect primary responses from customers of halal food. Questionnaires were designed based on the constructs of TPB and VEN and were distributed to 463 respondents. The gathered data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling to test the hypotheses developed through literature review. The results of the data analysis indicate that only trust in halal food moderated the relationship between personal value and acceptance of halal food. This research incorporated environmental beliefs, personal norms, personal values, and pro-environmental attitude as moderating variables on the constructs of TPB, with a specific focus on non-Muslims in Ghana.
  Keywords: halal food; HLF; acceptance; trust; availability; personal value; Ghana.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10066135
   
  
• Perceived Uncertainty and Purchase Intention in Social Commerce: Analysis of the Moderating Role of Seller's Response Time and Returns Policy  
  by Renger Kanani, Goodluck Charles 
  Abstract: Although research on the uncertainty of online businesses has begun to attract scholarly attention, there are few studies on the effect of uncertainty on social commerce purchase intention and measures to mitigate it. To address this gap, this study examined the perceived effect of uncertainty on s-commerce purchase intention and the extent to which the seller's response time and lenient returns policy moderated buyers' perceived uncertainty. Using empirical evidence from 155 social commerce buyers, the study revealed that s-commerce purchase intention is negatively and significantly influenced by the perceived uncertainty of potential buyers. It is also revealed that the purchase intention is negatively and significantly influenced by the delayed response time, and is positively and significantly influenced by the lenient returns policy. In view of these findings, the study demonstrates that an effective response time and lenient returns policy can mitigate the effect of perceived uncertainty on s-commerce purchase intention.
  Keywords: social commerce; social commerce purchase intention; perceived uncertainty; social commerce users; marketing communication.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10066278
   
  
• The Important Influence of Logistics System on Developing Biomass Production  
  by Nguyen Thi Khanh Chi, Minh Hiep Ha, Trinh Quang Hung 
  Abstract: Biomass energy has great potential for development in an emerging economy with abundant agricultural by-products. However, countries with developing economies still need help in developing biomass conversion. This study aims to identify the driving factors of biomass production. The mix-method approach was employed to find determinants of biomass to measure the impacts of the identified factors. The expert panels, a pilot test, and a final survey were used to measure the effects of identified factors empirically. The results present that logistics and biomass prices have the most direct significant impact on production while the government supports play leverage in motivating firms to invest in biomass conversion. Moreover, this study also found the indirect influences of human capital and access to credit in biomass conversion. The economic benefits are an essential motivator for firms, province officials, policymakers, and government in developing biomass conversion from agricultural by-products.
  Keywords: renewable energy; biomass conversion; agricultural by-products; environment protection.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10066280
   
  
• The Relevance of Green Purchasing and Ecodesign for the Consolidation of Green Manufacturing in Footwear Production  
  by Dusan Schreiber, Marco Antônio Mabília Martins, Serje Schmidt 
  Abstract: The objective of this research was to analyse whether green design and ecological purchasing contribute to sustainability in footwear manufacturing. This study is considered relevant due to the limited scientific literature on this specific topic, namely, green manufacturing in the footwear sector. The theoretical frameworks guiding the research included green manufacturing, sustainable/ecological purchasing, and ecodesign. A multiple case study strategy was employed, focusing on four large footwear industries located in the southern region of Brazil. The research adopted a qualitative approach, collecting empirical data through in-depth interviews with professionals possessing notable expertise in each of the industries, supplemented by documentary surveys and non-participant systematic observations. The empirical data were subjected to content analysis. The results indicated that the adoption of ecodesign/green design, in conjunction with the implementation of sustainable/ecological purchasing practices, can contribute to the realisation of green manufacturing processes in the footwear industry.
  Keywords: fashion; footwear industry; green manufacturing; green purchasing; ecodesign.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10066327
   
  
• Cost Optimization of Single Server Retrial Queue with Standby Server, Extended Vacation and Delayed Repair  
  by Poornima R, Kirupa K 
  Abstract: This paper analyses a steady-state queueing system with repeated attempts, coupled with a standby server during vacation periods. Clients arrive in batches according to a compound Poisson process. If the server is idle upon batch arrival, one client receives immediate service; the rest join the orbit. Otherwise, the entire batch joins the orbit. After each service completion, the server may take a vacation and may extend the vacation with a certain probability. During vacations of the main server, a standby server serves clients. The server is subject to breakdown at a random amount of time, and the repair starts after some delay. After repair, service resumes for interrupted clients. Using the supplementary variable method, the equilibrium condition of the system is derived, and the stochastic decomposition law is verified. The system's probabilities and performance metrics are obtained. The optimal standby rate is determined through cost analysis to minimise expenses for the proposed model.
  Keywords: batch arrival; Bernoulli extended vacation; standby server; random breakdown; delay repair; reserved time.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10066371
   
  
• Impact of Inventory Leanness on Financial Performance of Firms with Mediating Effect of Risk-Taking  
  by Farah Naz, Amna Bashir, Veera Salman, Anam Tariq 
  Abstract: This study investigates the impact of inventory leanness on the firms’ financial performance along with the mediating role of the risk-taking decision of those firms. This study analysed 244 Pakistani firms from 2010-2020 using Panel Regression Analysis. The statistical findings show that having optimized levels of inventory boosts the financial performance of firms. Moreover, the risk-taking decision of firms partially mediates this impact. Previous contradictory findings and fewer studies examining Pakistani firms in this regard mandate this study to be carried out. The study is limited by a few factors such as a specific country under study leading to a lack of generalisability. Additionally, the impact of inventory leanness on financial performance can be hindered due to uncontrollable or systematic risk factors, making room for future research.
  Keywords: inventory leanness; financial performance; financial leverage; capital intensity; size of firm; return on assets; return on investment; empirical leanness indicator; inventory turnover.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10066392
   
  
• A study of contemporary procurement strategies: insights from European experts using a Delphi study approach  
  by Bozidar Lenarcic, Armand Faganel 
  Abstract: In today’s evolving organisational landscape, procurement function plays a crucial role in responding to contemporary trends through strategic management of purchasing categories. This study delves into modern procurement strategies within contemporary strategic procurement, using the well-established Kraljic matrix as a guiding framework. Through the Delphi method, we engaged 28 participants from 19 organisations across seven EU countries, uncovering 114 innovative procurement strategies. Our analysis provides an overview across strategic, leverage, bottleneck, and non-critical materials, validated through statistical consensus. The research emphasises procurement’s importance in both risk mitigation and profit optimisation, offering valuable insights into the diversity of procurement strategies across organisations. By drawing on empirical data from insights with European procurement experts, this study enhances understanding of key strategic procurement components.
  Keywords: procurement function; purchasing; modern procurement strategies; strategic procurement; internal customers; Kraljic matrix; Delphi method; category management.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10066499
   
  
• Beyond the Surface: A Computational Exploration of Latent Topics in the Multi-tier Sustainable Supply Chain Management Literature  
  by Axel Zehendner, Iryna Malacina, Jaan-Pauli Kimpimäki 
  Abstract: As the literature on multi-tier sustainable supply chain management (MT-SSCM) has grown significantly in recent years, this study aims to advance MT-SSCM research by capturing the latent (or hidden) topics found within the relevant body of literature. We conducted a computational literature review that analysed the abstracts of 776 peer-reviewed articles. Our paper presents six thematic clusters, each consisting of multiple topics. It also provides insights into the long-term trends of each latent topic and suggests promising research directions for future studies. Thus, our study may assist researchers in planning impactful MT-SSCM studies and familiarising themselves with the larger discourse in the research field. The study also contributes to general operations and supply chain research by offering a blueprint for analysing larger sets of text-based data using topic modelling.
  Keywords: multi-tier sustainable supply chain management; computational literature review; topic modelling; sustainability; supply networks.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10066571
   
  
• Soft Skills' Critical Influence on Managerial Creativity: An Empirical Study in Jordanian Banking  
  by Adnan Alwedyan, Majed Alzoubi, Mohammad Almarshad, Ziad Jamal Haddad, Abdelkhalik Alhammouri, Omar Hayajneh, Nasser Battah 
  Abstract: Modern business is increasingly recognising the importance of soft skills in improving managerial effectiveness and organisational performance. This study examines how soft skills boost managerial creativity in Jordanian banking. The research uses descriptive-analytical methods to analyse 276 bank employees' structured questionnaire responses. We want to quantify the relationship between managers' soft skills and their creativity. Communication skills rank highest among managers at 82%, followed by self-discipline, teamwork, learning, and leadership. Leadership skills like flexibility, creativity, fluency, and questions scored over 70%. The study quantifies that leadership, initiative, self-assertion, tenacity, and communication boost managerial creativity. It also shows that managerial creativity boosts soft skills. The findings suggest that innovative banking leadership and cutting-edge management require soft skills. This study adds to knowledge by emphasising soft skills and managerial creativity in Jordan's banking sector. Management soft skills are also stressed to promote innovation and competitiveness.
  Keywords: soft skills; Jordanian banking sector; managerial creativity; communication; marketing capabilities.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10066686
   
  
• Focusing Supply Chain and Container Terminal Challenges from the Lens Of Indian Industries' Perspectives with Proposed Data Science Interlinked Artificial Intelligence Model  
  by Mohanbabu S, Vettriselvan R 
  Abstract: In any industry, logistics and supply chain management will play a major role in defining the strategy and competitive price. This paper aims to review existing literature on supply chain challenges and artificial intelligence involvement in logistics to overcome such challenges. The current study was carried out across various regions of India. Primary data was collected from 150 respondents who are involved in supply chain and port operations. Further, this paper focuses on examining the significance and difference of opinions among industry clusters with respect to functional roles and experience levels. Findings revealed that significance exists between various types of industries, and fuel prices influence operation costs. Finally, a data science-interlinked artificial intelligence neural network model (DSIAI) was constructed to overcome supply chain challenges and concludes that container port issues and operations also affect various industries when their efficiency decreases. The developed model provides useful insights into the logistics industry.
  Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Data Science Model; Supply Chain; Procurement Management.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10066691
   
  
• E-Procurement Adoption Impact on Operational Efficiency and Performance of Medium Scale Industries: Pandemic Perspective  
  by G. Bala Sendhil Kumar, Ganesh Kumar, Victer Paul 
  Abstract: This paper analyses the impact of different factors on the adoption of e-procurement systems and detects the impact of the adoption of e-procurement on the operational efficiency and business performance of medium-scale industries. After a thorough investigation of the literature reviewed, the factors that facilitate the adoption of e-procurement were identified and the conceptual model was developed. The primary data was collected using a non-disguised and well-structured questionnaire from the executives in the production department of medium-scale industries that are using e-procurement. The sample size for this study is 432, the data collected is analysed using statistical packages of AMOS 20, and the conceptual model tested using structural equation modelling. This research study reveals that factors like organisational factors, technological factors, and supplier-related factors drive organisations to adopt e-procurement, and organisations using e-procurement enjoy better operational efficiency, which leads to an increase in overall business performance in the pandemic situation.
  Keywords: adoption; e-procurement; medium scale industries; operational efficiency performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10066696
   
  
• Procurement Practices and Public Sector Procurement Performance in Ghana: the Moderating Role of Political Interference  
  by Lomatey Toku, Abdul Samed, Francis Andohbaidoo, Joshua Ofori-Amanfo 
  Abstract: Scholars and practitioners have shown keen interest in understanding how procurement practices influence public sector procurement performance. More importantly, there have been inconsistent results on this phenomenon. Political interference has been noted as a potential contributing factor, especially in developing nations such as Ghana, but has not been examined in prior empirical studies. Grounded in the agency theory, we explore two mechanisms that are key in influencing public sector procurement performance: 1) procurement practice; 2) political interference. Data from 308 procurement practitioners from state institutions in Ghana were obtained using questionnaires. Smart PLS version 4 was employed to analyse the data. The outcomes confirm a positive statistically significant relationship between procurement practice and public sector procurement performance. Additionally, political interference negatively moderates the relationship between procurement practice and public sector procurement performance. The contributions to theory and practice are discussed.
  Keywords: procurement practices; procurement performance; public sector; political interference; moderation; scale development; Ghana.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10066716
   
  
• Procurement 2030: Delphi Study on the Future of Procurement  
  by Ramona Niederschweiberer, Florian C. Kleemann 
  Abstract: Due to the growing importance of procurement in recent years, further emphasised by current management challenges and crises, the questions of future focal points and lines of development are becoming increasingly relevant. In this way, essential directional decisions can be made in good time and their implementation can be proactively initiated. This article aims to create a solid basis for this by developing a picture of the future for procurement by means of a Delphi study. The survey of around 40 managers in the field reveals agility, sustainability, innovation and digitalisation as key upcoming priorities. Further, numerous challenges have been identified and their managerial implications, e.g., on change management or recruiting, developed.
  Keywords: future of procurement; Procurement 2030; procurement strategy; Delphi study; empirical study.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10066733
   
  
• Effectiveness of Utilising Social Media Marketing to Promote Handicrafts: a Comprehensive Analysis from Society Standpoint  
  by Jugal Kishor, Swati Sharma 
  Abstract: The rich tapestry has given rise to tangible objects, such as handicrafts, which are expressions of human ability, devotion, and creativity. Many experts in the field have stressed the many advantages of handmade items, praising their beneficial effects on both society and the environment. Focusing on the promotional aspect of Indian handicraft items using different social media platforms is the purpose of this research. Recognition, perception, and product value are the three metrics that the research uses to evaluate the efficacy of social media marketing campaigns targeting handmade items. This empirical study employed a questionnaire administered offline to gather data from 386 samples, which were then analysed using structural equation modelling. This study's results demonstrated that SMM for handmade goods significantly influenced the development of product perception, product recognition, and product value. In the social media setting, this research likewise showed that product value had a favourable and substantial effect on customers’ intentions to buy handmade items.
  Keywords: digital society; society; handicraft; social media marketing; SSM; strategy.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10066735
   
  
• Procure-To-Pay(P2P) Processes: an Empirical Exploration of Inefficiencies  
  by Jonas Ronellenfitsch, Jana-Rebecca Rehse, Fareed Zandkarimi, Christoph Bode 
  Abstract: In recent years, researchers have increasingly centred their attention on strategic and tactical procurement processes. In contrast to that, procure-to-pay (P2P) processes, which operationally ensure the availability of input resources, have rarely been studied. However, industry managers know that P2P processes can be a constant source of resource consumption and compliance risks. In this research, an exploratory analysis of real-world ERP data using process mining methods shows the nature of P2P inefficiencies as well as hints regarding their origin. Four requestor-related, four item-related, and four supplier-related factors resonating with a newly developed inefficiency indicator are structurally reviewed. This study contributes to the academic discussion on information systems in operations / process management in three ways: Methodically, by introducing and testing a new measure for process inefficiency; empirically, by applying the rather novel technique of process mining to a large-scale real-world dataset; and theoretically, by exploring the character of P2P inefficiency.
  Keywords: Procurement; Procure-to-Pay; Purchase-to-Pay; P2P; Process Inefficiencies; Process Mining; Data Mining; Empirical Research; Operations Management; Information Systems.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10066926
   
  
• Investigating the Impact of Logistics Practices on Marketing Performance of Business Enterprises: the Mediating Role of Competitive Strategy  
  by Arega Setegn, Gurudutta Japee, Aklilu Desta, Girma Admassie 
  Abstract: This study examines the mediated influence of competitive strategy in the relationship between logistical practices and the marketing performance of business enterprises. To choose sample respondents, purposive, and simple random sampling approaches were employed. The useable and effective questionnaires for this study included 330 responses. The survey findings were examined with SPSS version 26.0 software as well as AMOS 24, a structural equation modelling application. The study found that procurement, manufacturing support, and distribution practices had a positive impact on marketing performance. Furthermore, competitive strategy acts as a statistically significant mediator between procurement practices, manufacturing support, distribution practices, and marketing performance. Even if the findings are encouraged, their effects remain limited. To compete successfully in business and improve marketing performance, companies must ensure efficient and effective raw materials, and implement quality control procedures to ensure consistent product quality and optimise distribution channels to effectively reach their target customers.
  Keywords: logistics practices; procurement; manufacturing support; distribution practices; competitive strategy; marketing performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10067081
   
  
• Economic Benefits and Food Security: the Roles of Agricultural Development and Certification in the Supply Chain  
  by Nguyen Thuy Anh, Tran Hoang Ha 
  Abstract: This study aims to identify driving factors influencing agricultural production in the supply chain. The quantitative method approaches were employed from finding determinants of economic benefits and food security. The expert panels, a pilot test, and a final survey were used to empirically measure the effects of identified factors. The results present that natural resource management and certification have a significant impact on farmers' willingness to adopt biodiversity while the agricultural development policies play leverage in motivating farmers to implement biodiversity. Moreover, this study also found results of agricultural biodiversity are food security and economic benefits which are the important motivators for farmers to transform traditional agriculture into biodiversity practices.
  Keywords: biodiversity; organic production; agriculture; environment protection.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10067083
   
  
• Enhancing Sustainable Procurement: the Role of E-Procurement Implementation in Local Government Institutions of Ghana  
  by Abdul-Razak Imoro, Mustapha T. Seidu, Rebecca A. Boadi 
  Abstract: This study evaluates the extent of e-procurement implementation (EPI) within public procurement processes and examines its relationship with sustainable procurement performance (SPP) among local government organisations. Grounded in institutional theory (IT), this research adopts a descriptive quantitative approach, utilising a cross-sectional survey of 220 local government staff in the upper east region of Ghana. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis. Findings reveal that while procurement processes such as needs identification, specification of requirements and proposal evaluation are highly automated, others like contracting invoice verification and record-keeping remain predominantly manual. Additionally, EPI shows significant positive impacts on environmental impact, social responsibility, economic contribution, and ethical sourcing, with the strongest effect observed in economic contribution and the weakest in ethical sourcing. This study provides significant information for local government organisations on making informed decisions regarding EPI and highlights the importance of institutional dynamics in enhancing sustainable procurement practices aligned with broader societal goals.
  Keywords: e-procurement implementation; EPI; sustainable procurement; institutional theory; local government; Ghana; sustainable procurement performance; SPP.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10067200
   
  
• The Market of Companies providing Tourist Information Services for Spanish Public Administrations in the Period 2018-2022  
  by Carlos Garulo RamonÓN  
  Abstract: The public administration resorts to outsourcing tourist information services when it does not have its own means to provide them adequately. The aim of this research is to analyse the market of companies that have participated in the tendering processes for tourist information services in Spain in the period 20182022, in order to understand the profile of companies currently managing this service and the types of tendering processes that have been carried out. The data suggest a positive trend towards the outsourcing of these services, as well as a predominance of diverse criteria (both qualitative and quantitative), and a higher success rate of companies specialised in culture and/or tourism, followed by other types of companies and multi-service firms. A total of 257 tenders were analysed, with 217 different bidders, and 98 of them were awarded contracts.
  Keywords: outsourcing; services; public procurement; Spanish tenders; tourist information.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10067201
   
  
• HR Analytics in Norwegian Companies: an Updated Overview  
  by Dag Øivind Madsen, Lina Alsvik, Kåre Slåtten 
  Abstract: The public administration resorts to outsourcing tourist information services when it does not have its own means to provide them adequately. The aim of this research is to analyse the market of companies that have participated in the tendering processes for tourist information services in Spain in the period 20182022, in order to understand the profile of companies currently managing this service and the types of tendering processes that have been carried out. The data suggest a positive trend towards the outsourcing of these services, as well as a predominance of diverse criteria (both qualitative and quantitative), and a higher success rate of companies specialised in culture and/or tourism, followed by other types of companies and multi-service firms. A total of 257 tenders were analysed, with 217 different bidders, and 98 of them were awarded contracts.
  Keywords: outsourcing; services; public procurement; Spanish tenders; tourist information.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10067260
   
  
• Main Benefits of Centralised Government Procurement: an AHP Application with Brazilian Experts  
  by Stéfane Nascimento Da Silva, Alexandre Nascimento De Almeida, Celso Vila Nova De Souza Júnior 
  Abstract: Public procurement has gained strategic importance within organisations, leading to a growth in centralization models in contracting. However, the effects of these models are still discussed and evaluated to a limited extent by administrations. The objective of this study is to hierarchize the benefits of centralizing public procurement, contributing to the design and implementation of this model in different contexts. Based on a literature review, the main benefits of centralised procurement were grouped into three thematic axes: 1) economy, 2) innovation, and 3) sustainability. Afterwards, a group of 22 experts ranked the benefits using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The findings demonstrated a strong alignment between theoretical predictions and the insights provided by the consulted experts. Overall, the centralisation of procurement was identified as a key driver of enhanced governance, fostering an environment conducive to innovation. This, in turn, contributed to improved economic efficiency and sustainability outcomes.
  Keywords: shared purchasing; public contracts; bids.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10067571
   
  
• The Effect of Supply Chain Sustainability Practices on SME Performance in Turkey  
  by Jayant Shaligram Brahmane  
  Abstract: Companies have started using sustainable supply chain practices (SSCPs) to make their supply chain network less harmful to people and the environment The main goal is to lessen harmful effects on the environment, especially those that come from using more water and energy The study looks at how SSCP affects economic performance (EP) using 439 accurate answers from Turkish industrial companies that were gathered through cross-sectional research There was a study of how environmental performance (ENP) and social performance (SP) work together The role of Industry 4 0 as a monitor was analysed more SSC can help both SP and ENP When SP and ENP are present, EP gets better The SP and ENP are in charge of part of this link between SSCP and EP People who worked for companies that used a lot of Industry 4 0 tools also saw SSCP have a bigger impact on ENP and EP
  Keywords: sustainable supply chain practices; sustainability; practice-based view; organizational information processing theory.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10067577
   
  
• The Interrelationship between Economic Satisfaction, Trust, Commitment, and Non-Economic Satisfaction in Franchisee-Franchisor Relationships  
  by Margaret Theresé Constantaras, Pieter Gerhardus Mostert, Göran Svensson 
  Abstract: This study aimed to uncover the interrelationship between economic satisfaction, trust, commitment, and non-economic satisfaction by also considering the mediating role of trust and commitment between the satisfaction constructs in franchisee-franchisor relationships. A total of 415 South African franchisees completed a self-completion online questionnaire. The research and two rival models showed that economic satisfaction has an unequivocal influence on non-economic satisfaction and that trust and commitment mediate this effect. The findings contribute to our understanding of the interrelationships between the study constructs, specifically in franchise relationships, and offer insights to franchisors about how stronger relationships with franchisees beyond their contractual obligations could be fostered. The study contributes by validating, for the first time in a franchise context, the interrelationship linking economic satisfaction, non-economic satisfaction, trust, and commitment previously conducted in business studies and furthermore confirms the mediating role of trust and commitment on the relationship between economic and non-economic satisfaction.
  Keywords: Franchise industry; franchisees; economic satisfaction; non-economic satisfaction; trust; commitment; franchisee-franchisor relationships; business relationships.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10067862
   
  
• A Green Approach to Inventory Optimisation: Strategic Investments in Preservation and Carbon Regulation Compliance  
  by Manoj Kumar Sharma, Khushi ., Shalu Chaudhary, Nimit Jain, Mukesh Kumar 
  Abstract: As the urgency to combat global warming intensifies, reducing carbon emissions and mitigating waste from product deterioration have become critical priorities. This study presents an innovative and sustainable inventory model aimed at minimising waste through strategic investments in preservation and green technologies. By focusing on maximising total system profit, the model integrates a deterministic framework that accounts for price and advertisement-dependent demand, as well as time-variant holding costs, all within the constraints of a carbon cap-and-trade regulation policy. Especially, the model allows for shortages, which are fully backlogged, providing a realistic approach to inventory management. The study's primary objective is to identify the optimal value of the total profit function. We further validate the concavity of the objective function by applying both necessary and sufficient criteria, complemented by graphical representation. At last, we have completed numerical illustrations and sensitivity analysis to assess the model's effectiveness and practical applicability.
  Keywords: sustainable inventory management; price and advertisement dependent demand; preservation technology investment; green investment; carbon cap and trade policy.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10067989
   
  
• Implementing Sustainable Public Procurement in Indonesia: Economic Impacts and Socio-Economic Benefits of Prioritising Domestic Products  
  by Dewi Sadtyaji, Nana Storada Dwi Martadi, Teguh Yuwono, Yuwanto Yuwanto, Nunik Retno Herawati 
  Abstract: This study explores the implementation of Sustainable Public Procurement (SPP) within Indonesia's legal framework and assesses the economic effects of prioritizing domestic products. By analysing policy documents, government reports, and procurement data, the research offers a detailed view of how SPP principles are embedded in Indonesian laws and practices. It further evaluates the economic outcomes of focusing on domestic products in procurement. Data were gathered from secondary sources and interviews with staff from the National Public Procurement Agency (LKPP), the Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas), and Statistics Indonesia (BPS). Findings show that allocating IDR 312 44 trillion to domestic products and IDR 60 06 trillion to imports contributes an additional 1 12% to GDP, equating to IDR 105 6 trillion. This procurement ratio has also improved the employment rate by 2 18%, translating to 2 63 million jobs.
  Keywords: domestic products; procurement; procurement data; policy; policy document; sustainability; Sustainable Public Procurement; legal framework; economic impact; employment rate.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10068046
   
  
• Sustainable Inventory Policies for Green Cosmetic Products with Combined Advantages of the Exhibition and Free Sample of Products  
  by Ritu Pujara, Kunal Shukla, Dharmesh Katariya 
  Abstract: The proposed research deals with that the seller is offering eco-friendly cosmetics to the consumer. In order to catch the attention of new customers, the seller is selling items at a nearby exhibition and giving away free samples of his main product during the exhibition. The main product and free sample of main product are two inventories, with actual market demand are taken into account. Exhibition, distribution of free samples of the main item and green investment all have a direct effect on product demand. In order to maximise profit of seller with respect to optimum value of selling price, green investment, cycle time and order quantity, the problem is formulated as a mathematical model. The findings indicate the exhibition and distribution of free samples of main product significantly increased sales and total profit. Numerical example and sensitivity analysis validated the model and derived the outcome and finally concluded the article with future scope of study.
  Keywords: inventory; price dependent demand; sustainability; green investment; exhibition; free sample.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10068049
   
  
• VR and AR for optimisation of packaging sample processes in the food procurement process  
  by Nils Brehme, Nils Thomas Finger 
  Abstract: Despite increasing market challenges, procurement remains in most companies comparatively inefficient and does not leverage widely available technologies to the extent possible. Hence, this research seeks to support the digitalisation of procurement by investigating the potential of two selected technologies, namely Virtual (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR). This is done with a study on enhancing the packaging sample process in the particularly competitive food retail industry in Germany. In the context of increasing cost pressure, retailers are required to optimize and innovate procurement practices. By evaluating VR and AR as supplementary tools to traditional physical assessments, the study examines the technologies’ impact on efficiency and responsiveness. Interviews with industry experts confirm VR’s and AR's applicability across different product categories and emphasize considerable saving potentials for procurement. Considering related potentials and challenges, the technologies are best integrated as complementary solutions to established procurement methods, offering strategic advantages for sourcing operations.
  Keywords: Augmented Reality; Virtual Reality; Packaging Samples; Food Retail Industry; Germany; Technology Adoption; Procurement Processes; Procurement Strategy; Innovation in Procurement; Digital Procurement,.
  
  
• Inventory Model for Non-Instantaneous Deteriorating Items with Dynamic Demand, Hybrid Payment and Partial Backlogging under the COVID-19 pandemic  
  by Monika Rani, Vikas Tiwari, Sachin Kumar, Vipin Kumar 
  Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted global supply chains, causing disruptions in production, customer performance, lead times and finances across various industries such as healthcare, food, fast-moving consumer goods and automotive This article explores recovery objectives in the context of COVID-19 and presents a hybrid payment inventory model for non-instantaneous deteriorating items Proposed hybrid payment scheme which consist n number of prepayments along with delay in payments facilitate customer during and post COVID situation This model is one of the very few models which provide guidelines in the planning of replenishment policy when demand is fluctuated in the context of pandemic and based on price and time During the disrupted supply shortage is discussed in the model which is partially backlogged later Here, various decision-making findings are illustrated with numerical examples to validate the model Sensitivity analysis is given to provide managerial insights for better management during pandemic situations.
  Keywords: Post Covid-19 Recovery; Non-instantaneous Deteriorating Items; Hybrid Payment; Time and Price Sensitive Demand; Partial Backlogging.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2024.10068058