International Journal of Services, Economics and Management (79 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Entrepreneurial initiatives during pandemic in Bangladesh  
  by S.S.M. Sadrul Huda, Afsana Akhtar, Md. Humayun Kabir, Mahmud Zubayer, Syeda Raissa Maliha 
  Abstract: This research aims to examine the growth and nature of small business entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify the learnings for such small businesses from the pandemic. This research has been conducted primarily on secondary research, including the articles in journals from other authors and newspapers containing any information regarding entrepreneurship initiatives during the COVID-19 period and social media sources. However, selected interviews have been conducted to understand the problem better. The research shows five significant reasons behind people opting for entrepreneurial activities in the pandemic and six major types of small business segments food, protective gear, home delivery and online services, social entrepreneurship, online boot camps for learners, and rise in over-the-top (OTT) platforms. So far, there has yet to be such paper on Bangladesh that categorises the entrepreneurial activities of small businesses during the pandemic and discusses it at length. The learnings from this paper will help future entrepreneurs face similar challenges.
  Keywords: entrepreneurship; pandemic; COVID-19; entrepreneurial activity; small business; entrepreneurship opportunity; Bangladesh.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10058733
   
  
• Is the game worth a candle? Users adoption of private cloud computing  
  by Kasim Tatić, Mahir Haračić, Merima Činjarević, Merima Haračić 
  Abstract: The present study explores the effect of human-related factors (job opportunity) and system-related factors (perceived risk and perceived usefulness of cloud computing services) on an individuals decision to adopt cloud computing services. Besides, it strives to explore the perceived usefulness of cloud computing services as a mediator in the perceived risk-cloud computing adoption link and the job opportunity-cloud computing services link. Data were collected online from 125 users of cloud computing services and analysed using partial-least square structural equation modelling. The findings reveal that perceived risk directly negatively affects the perceived usefulness of cloud computing services. Job opportunity is positively associated with the perceived usefulness of cloud computing services. We found that the perceived usefulness of cloud computing services mediates the relationship between perceived risk, an individuals decision to adopt cloud computing services, and the link between job opportunities and an individuals decision to adopt cloud computing services. The current study has two theoretical contributions that are worth noting. First, this research offers insight into how perceived risk and job opportunities influence individuals adoption of cloud computing services. Second, the present study contributes to existing knowledge about applying the technology acceptance model in the context of cloud computing services.
  Keywords: cloud computing; technology acceptance model; TAM; perceived risk; job opportunity; perceived usefulness.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10058762
   
  
• Analysis of critical success factors in robust service systems through fuzzy cognitive map  
  by Hamid Shabandarzadeh, Hadi Balouei Jamkhaneh, Fatemeh Haghighat, Fatemeh Khajeh 
  Abstract: This study aims to identify and analyse the critical success factors (CSFs) in robust service systems using the fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) approach. First, the factors or criteria affecting the robust service systems were identified through the literature review. Then, the cause-and-effect relationships of the factors and the effect of each factor in the robust design of the service systems were determined using the opinions of the panel of experts using the FCM approach. Findings show that 39 factors affect making a robust service system which can be classified into five categories based on the balanced scorecard (BSC) approach: social responsibility and stakeholder satisfaction, learning and growth of individuals, internal processes, finances, and suppliers. The three criteria of strengthening the process design, the competence of individuals and education and learning of individuals have the most significant impact on the robust design of the service system, respectively.
  Keywords: service management; service quality; robust service systems; critical success factors; CSFs; fuzzy cognitive mapping; FCM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10059140
   
  
• Research of the possibilities and results of the implementation of the principles of the green economy using Industry 4.0 technologies on the example of the utility sector  
  by Natalia Skorobogatova 
  Abstract: The results of a study of the possibilities of introducing the principles of a green economy based on the application of Industry 4.0 technologies. The trend of deterioration of the quality of the environment for the population is proved. Various information and communication technologies have been studied from the point of view of the possibility of their application in the urban environment to improve the quality of life of people and the environment. The potential advantages of their implementation are revealed, considering the achieved results of their partial use by the advanced countries of the world. The use of the smart city concept for the transition to a green economy model in the public sector is proposed. A balanced assessment model is proposed, which is based on considering the interests of all stakeholders in terms of their economic, social, and environmental results and the innovativeness of the proposed solutions.
  Keywords: information technologies; communication technologies; green economy; Industry 4.0; innovative development; sustainable development; utility sector.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10059191
   
  
• Business ecosystem architecture in the business units of Islamic boarding schools  
  by Brian Pratistha, Nyimas Latifah Letty Aziz, Joko Suryanto, Dadang Ramdhan, Megawati Suharsono Putri, Cita Pertiwi, Ahmad Syafiq Kamil, Syandi Negara, Lindri Setyaningrum, Amanah Pasaribu, Adelia Oktarina, Nur Hadiati Endah 
  Abstract: The low score of the Islamic financial inclusion index in Indonesia based on OJK 2019 data, which remains at 9.1%, demonstrates this. This study underlines the necessity of Islamic boarding schools business units serving as a hub and connecting with Islamic financial institutions in order to make Islamic finance more inclusive. Previous studies that explore extensively the role of Islamic boarding schools in increasing the percentage of business capital from assets held or financed by Islamic financial institutions are still limited in this regard. The unit of analysis for this study is determined by simple random sampling, and the data is analysed using an explanatory sequential mixed approach. As research tools, this study employs observations, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires. The questionnaires are being distributed to 435 Islamic residential schools in Indonesia. The conclusions of this study result in an acceptable business ecosystem design for the business units.
  Keywords: Islamic boarding schools’ business unit; inclusion; explanatory sequential mixed method; business ecosystem architecture.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10060112
   
  
• Innovation and performance in the service industry: empirical evidence from South Korea  
  by Namhoon Kim, Kyoung Ae Lee, Julie Kim 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the effect of innovation activities on the corporate performance of service firms examining how size influences their performance. We used quantile regression to estimate the correlation between firm innovation activities and performance in the service industry and determined whether firm size matters for innovation using the survey on innovation and structural change of the service industry (SISCS). Among various innovation activities, only organisational innovation was significantly correlated with increased sales for service firms. Moreover, the effect of organisational innovation was larger for smaller service firms, suggesting a negative relationship between corporate size and organisational innovation. Therefore, organisational innovation may be the key factor for small service firms to improve their performance.
  Keywords: service industry; innovation; small sized firms; quantile regressions; firm behaviour.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10060496
   
  
• Mapping talent management excellence: a bibliometric exploration of influential authors, institutions, and clusters  
  by Neema Gupta, Bhaskara Srinivas, Sanjay Taneja, Pawan Kumar 
  Abstract: Research studies on talent management have shown momentum progress in the last two decades and need analysis for identifying the major research works conducted and the changes during these years. The study aimed to assess documents published on talent management (TM) by using the bibliometric tool. The study assessed 638 documents published over two decades (2001 to 2021), extracted from the Scopus database. The findings tell that talent management persists in a broad area of study, although the study comes especially from European and North American nations. The little presentation from developing nations (Portugal, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia) shows that more study is required based on TM. The study determined three research clusters: Concept development in the research area of talent management, the role of TM in SHRM, global talent challenges and management. Finally, the future research scopes suggested in this review study will provide a direction to future researchers.
  Keywords: talent management; SHRM; global talent challenges; bibliometric tool; review and conceptual framework.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10060697
   
  
• A decade review of public-private partnership challenges and way to tackling issues  
  by Sajida  
  Abstract: This article covers PPP challenges in the last decade. This systematic review examined various barriers to PPP project implementation and proposed solutions. This study analyses a wide range of scholarly research to identify PPPs biggest challenges faced by PPPs. PPP projects face legal and regulatory frameworks, financial, organisational, political and social, and technical challenges, according to the review. Based on these findings, this study suggests solutions. This study emphasises the importance of learning from past experiences and applying them to PPP project challenges. This study provides a comprehensive synthesis of the PPP challenges and solutions. Policymakers, practitioners, and researchers can use the studys findings and recommendations to create more effective and sustainable public-private partnerships (PPPs).
  Keywords: public-private partnership; PPP; challenges; obstacles; systematic review.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10060698
   
  
• Determining the relationship between travellers attitudes, domestic travel preference and travel intention using the Hayes process macro model  
  by R. Murali, Sanjeeb Pal, K. Mohamed Jasim 
  Abstract: India is now in a fast-paced environment. The attitude towards travel preferences and the paradigm shifts in the consumption basket, and the improvement in the infrastructure elevated the tourism sector to the next level. The survey was administered to 396 respondents across the nations, who are interested to have domestic travel in principle. Using the theory of planned behaviour proposed by Ajzen (1991), six constructs namely travellers attitude (TA), subjective norms (SN), perceived behaviour control (PBC), domestic travel preferences (DTP), willingness to spend (WTS) and domestic travel intention (DTI). The results of the study show that all the constructs are interrelated with each other. Other than perceived behaviour control, all the other constructs are found to be predictors of travel intention. Subjective norms and perceived behaviour control moderate the travel intention whereas willingness to spend does not moderate. Implications for the further enhancement of the industry are discussed which may be useful for the policymakers of the travel industry.
  Keywords: theory of planned behaviour; TPB; travel intention; travellers’ attitude; domestic travel preference; DTP; perceived behaviour control; PBC; willingness to spend; WTS; domestic travel intention; DTI.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10060700
   
  
• Facial emotion-based students attention in online learning using deep learning  
  by Swadha Gupta, Parteek Kumar, Rajkumar Tekchandani 
  Abstract: Despite the growing popularity of online courses, it is still difficult to guarantee students participation. Online students typically struggle to stay motivated and concentrated, in contrast to students in regular classrooms who benefit from direct supervision and motivation. Facial expression recognition is built into the framework so that the emotional state of the learner may be monitored and evaluated in real-time. To detect and evaluate student interest in the present moment, a deep learning-based strategy is proposed, incorporating deep learning models like VGG-19 and ResNet-50 for face expression identification. An attention index (AI) is determined through the analysis and classification of facial expressions, allowing for the forecasting of attentive and inattentive states. Accuracy is very high, with VGG-19 being the most accurate model at 93.11%. These results show the potential of deep learning as a tool for measuring and retaining students interest.
  Keywords: facial emotions; e-learning; engagement detection system; head-movement; deep learning.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10060701
   
  
• Artificial intelligence-based prediction of students attention using EEG signals in online learning  
  by Swadha Gupta, Parteek Kumar, Rajkumar Tekchandani 
  Abstract: It is indeed true that the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted traditional teaching methods, and e-learning has become a prominent mode of learning. However, ensuring student engagement and motivation during e-learning sessions is a challenging task for educators. The proposed EEG-based learning framework can potentially provide a solution to this problem. By analysing the EEG data, the framework can evaluate the students learning behaviour and predict whether they are attentive or inattentive. The proposed attention evaluation algorithm are innovative and can potentially provide a better understanding of the students learning behaviour. The SVM algorithms accuracy of 91.68% is impressive and suggests that the proposed approach has a high potential for accurately predicting a students learning state. The findings of this research can potentially provide valuable insights for educators to design effective e-learning environments and monitor students learning behaviour in real-time.
  Keywords: EEG waves; brain-computer interaction; machine learning; attention; neurosky.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10060702
   
  
• A bibliometric analysis of womens economic empowerment literature  
  by Navneet Gera, Swati Rohatgi 
  Abstract: Research on the issues of womens economic empowerment has been gaining strength in recent years, and this progress is consistent with the accomplishment of United Nations sustainable development goals by 2030. This study provides an extensive bibliometric literature review of womens economic empowerment as a term and concept using research articles from the Scopus index database. The Scopus database was accessed to extract bibliometric data of 437 articles. Various bibliometric and network analysis tools have been used to achieve the research objectives. VOSviewer software was used to perform science mapping of the data. This article discusses the main authors, journals, and countries along with the citation structure and the advancement in this field. The findings indicate that the publication trend increased from 2010 onwards, but the maximum production of articles was in 2018. The USA, India, and the UK are the most representative nations when it comes to global influence. The most influential journals were identified as PLOS One and Gender and Development. The key contribution of this study is that it highlights the gap in the literature and proposes actionable themes for future research.
  Keywords: bibliometric analysis; bibliographic coupling; women’s economic empowerment; WEE; co-citation; co-occurrence.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10060704
   
  
• Determinants of employment relations in rice mill sector in India: with special reference to Burdwan region in West Bengal  
  by Nirmal Chandra Roy, Abhishek Mishra 
  Abstract: The rice mill sector in India is highly labour-intensive marked by informal employment relations trends and practices. Diversified factors determine employment relations in the sector. The present study attempts to identify the factors responsible for employment relations in the sector and the extent to which these factors shape the present scenario of employment relations in the sector. Relying on opinions taken from 320 workers employed in the sector, factor analysis and multiple regression analysis have been ascertained. The factor analysis resulted in the identification of five factors of dimensions of employment relations which include recruitment and retention, performance and reward, employee voice, employee representation and employee welfare. However, factors like representation and employee welfare were found to have a negative impact on shaping the employment relations in the rill mill sector in India.
  Keywords: rice mill sector; labour intensive; employment relations; determinants; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10060736
   
  
• Reducing the environmental impact of cloud data centres achieved through renewable energy sources under power grid energy trading with enhanced VM consolidation techniques  
  by R. Karthikeyan, Ulligaddala Srinivasarao, Shanmugasundaram Hariharan, Prakash Kumar Sarangi, Bhawani Sankar Panigrahi 
  Abstract: In this article, we focus on the problems of cost-effective green scheduling for cloud data centres through power trading and power grid transactions. Energy utilised to power the data centres can either be selfgenerated or it can be acquired from a renewable power plant. In order to partially offset the high energy costs of data centres, they can either be directly powered by renewable energy sources or their excess electricity can be deposited in energy storage devices (ESD). This article is focused on the following two problem statements that have been identified: 1) cutting down on the total amount of energy by carefully organising users needs, infrastructure, and the application of different types of energy sources; 2) lowering overall carbon discharges through an effective plan for energy use our tryouts prove that our methodology can significantly cut cloud data centres carbon emissions by 15% compared to the existing methodology.
  Keywords: virtual machine; sustainability; virtual machine manager; power consumption.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10060781
   
  
• Study of internal strategic management analysis on organisation growth toward choosing effective cooperative strategy  
  by Ayman Al Armoti, Wided Dafri, Taghreed Hassan 
  Abstract: This research paper studies the impacts of internal strategic management analysis on organisation growth toward choosing effective cooperative strategy. In addition, this research paper seeks to analyse how Apple Company is adopting their strategic management and analyse internal industry by using SWOT analysis and Porters five force analysis tools for the purpose to understand the factors that affect the companys decisions. Also, this research paper illustrates that strategic management has a significant impact on every aspect of the organisation including choosing suitable cooperative strategy toward the growth, and development. Moreover, this paper will focus on Apples strategic formulation and the process of implementing its strategies. Data analysis was used to test the hypothesis, in the end with some recommendations for Apple.
  Keywords: internal analysis; strategic management; development; organisation growth.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10060782
   
  
• Car lubricant brands switching behaviour in Malaysia: the role of customer satisfaction as mediator  
  by Mohd Haniff Jedin, Nik Abdul Halim Nik Abdullah, Wan-Nurisma Ayu Wan-Ismail, Narentheren Kaliappen 
  Abstract: This study attempts to study the car lubricants brand switching intention among consumers which has received less attention among researchers, probably because it is considered as exclusive and a much-focused business segment. This paper highlights the mediating role of customer satisfaction on the relationship between price, promotion, brand image and brand trust, and the brand switching behaviour among car lubricant consumers. Data were collected through survey questionnaires which were distributed to a sample of 155 car lubricant consumers from all over Malaysia, including Sabah and Sarawak. The results showed that customer satisfaction does mediate the relationship between price, brand image and brand trust, and brand switching intention. In contrast, no mediation effect of customer satisfaction was observed for the relationship between promotion and brand switching behaviour. The novelty of this study is that it significantly contributes towards the existing literature on brand switching behaviour from the perspective of the less-studied industry, and at the same time provides clues to marketers on the factors that can attract the intention of the consumers to switch to a different car lubricant brand. Finally, this paper discussed the implications, limitations and some suggestions for future research.
  Keywords: customer satisfaction; consumer switching behaviour; brand switching; lubricant brands; price; promotion; brand image; brand trust; mediator effects; passenger car motor oil; PCMO; Malaysia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10060783
   
  
• Festival chatbot for tourism engagement and disaster management communication  
  by Sharon Treesa Abraham, V.T. Bindu 
  Abstract: Disaster management in tourism is a complicated and risk-involved process. This study is developed as a practical action plan for disaster communication and preparedness in the tourism industry. Authors have created a festival chatbot Cultural Festive Pick that communicates to the users on 12 festivals from the South Indian States Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana with their mythology, significance, cuisines, location, and duration. Only a few studies aimed to provide the state of knowledge of disaster communication and preparedness. This paper attempts to address the problem, narrow the existing gap, and suggest how technology helps in future tourism challenges. The chatbot is a knowledge database of South Indian festivals and a facilitator for disaster management in a destination. This article provides a unique solution to the tourism industry by highlighting the importance of tourism crisis communication by including a disaster management element in the festival chatbot.
  Keywords: disaster management; tourism; disaster awareness and communication; chatbot; South Indian festivals.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10060936
   
  
• Artificial intelligence in business information systems main trends, benefits and risks  
  by Antje Lüersmann 
  Abstract: Business information systems, an integral part of extracting insights from operational processes, are facing challenges that are intensified by the flood of data resulting from increased digitisation. These challenges accentuate the importance of data consolidation, timeliness and accuracy across diverse business enterprises. Emerging development trends, notably the integration of artificial intelligence, have come to the fore, promising significant automation advantages and enhancing the decision-support capacities of these systems. Based on a literature review, this study examines the role of artificial intelligence in business information systems. The main findings underline that while artificial intelligence offers remarkable automation and digitisation potential, especially in aspects like computational intelligence and human-computer interaction, its application remains largely theoretical. Furthermore, the fusion of artificial intelligence with technologies such as blockchain is in nascent stages, suggesting ample areas for future research and practical implementation. This paper outlines both the benefits and the attendant risks.
  Keywords: artificial intelligence; AI; business information systems; BIS; management information system; MIS; trends; benefits; risks.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10061100
   
  
• Neighbourhood tourism: a study on Bangladesh tourism industry  
  by S.S.M. Sadrul Huda, Sunny Saha, Md. Humayun Kabir, Hamida Mosharraf Moniea 
  Abstract: The purpose of the paper is to see the impact of neighbourhood tourism on quality of life of the local visitor with a view to propose it as an alternative to traditional long-distance tourism in Dhaka Bangladesh. Convenience sampling method was used to collect data. Data was collected from the university going students. AMOS was used for data analysis. The research found that neighbourhood tourism has a positive impact on mental well-being, social well-being, economic well-being, and environmental well-being. This study has three implications for policymakers and managers. First, the government may utilise the study findings to re-create urban areas to provide recreational benefits to the community. Second, following the studys outcomes, businesses will be inspired to build new packages. Thirdly, NGOs and other stakeholders may get feedback for their advocacy campaign to mobilise social capital to promote neighbourhood tourism in the community. No other study analysed the impact of neighbourhood tourism on quality of life with these four tools, i.e., mental well-being, social well-being, economic well-being, and environmental well-being. Moreover, no previous research has gathered the younger generations perception of neighbourhood tourism in the context of Bangladesh. Hence, the proposed study has tried to fill that discussed gap.
  Keywords: COVID-19; tourism industry; neighbourhood tourism; Bangladesh; mental well-being; social well-being; economic well-being; environmental well-being.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10061169
   
  
• Web project development: risk analysis and crisis management  
  by Solomiia Fedushko, Olha Trach, Yuriy Syerov, Iryna Ivanochko, Jennifer Calhoun 
  Abstract: The paper presents one of the current project management issues risk management. This unique approach to risk management examines caused by a pandemic or global catastrophe and highlights the risks in web projects. The risks of web projects are divided into directives that affect project users psychological, social, and economic conditions: information, user, and resource. Risk assessment was carried out in the following main directions: informational direction (data manipulation, promptness), the user (cyberbullying, thought leader), and resource (project executors, financial). The research method incorporated systematic and analytical analyses of the user direction of risks related to web project users. In comparison, the information direction of risks examined the information content of web projects. The resource direction of risks examined the web projects marketing component and executive support. The results and implications reveal that assessing the intensity of risk management measures for the sustainability of web projects regarding risks is imperative.
  Keywords: web project; project management; user; information content; pandemic; social network; risk management; web; data manipulation; online marketing; data analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10061170
   
  
• Assessing the efficacy of social distancing as a weapon against COVID-19 using Manhattan distance and AI-based deep learning models  
  by Sundarvadivazhagan Balasubaramanian, Robin Cyriac, Sahana Roshan, Kulandaivel Maruthamuthu Paramasivam, Boby Chellanthara Jose 
  Abstract: Social distance detection plays a crucial role in curbing the spread of contagious diseases. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) have emerged as a powerful resource for dealing with a wide range of practical challenges and delivering impressively positive outcomes. This article delves into the usage of object recognition, and deep learning to monitor personal and professional interactions between people at a distance. In this paper, it proposes an efficient stacked deep learning technique for accurate and real-time social distance detection (SDD). The proposed method combines the power of object detection and distance estimation between the objects in a stacked manner to improve the accuracy. The proposed technique is evaluated on two popular deep learning models such as MobileNetV2 and InceptionV2. In high-dimensional spaces, Manhattan distance can sometimes be more robust than Euclidean distance. This research work uses Manhattan distance to identify the social distance among the individuals in the crowd. The Manhattan distance with InceptionV2 outperformed well than the MobileNetV2. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the SDD technique in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
  Keywords: COVID-19; faster R-CNN; image recognition; social distancing.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10061261
   
  
• Enhanced accuracy of detecting fraudulent product reviews using a fusion machine learning approach  
  by Pallavi Zambare, Ying Liu 
  Abstract: Spam product reviews are fake or misleading reviews posted to promote a product or service, or to damage a competitors reputation. They can be difficult to detect, as they are often written to appear legitimate and may include fake profiles or misleading information. Spam product reviews can be harmful to businesses and consumers. Fake reviews and ratings can damage credibility and trustworthiness by misleading consumers about the quality of a product. They can also harm their trust in the review process. It is important for businesses and review platforms to have measures in place to identify and eliminate spam product reviews. Here, we proposed a hybrid technique for identifying fake spam product reviews. This paper first introduces the task of spam online product reviews detection and makes a common definition of spam reviews. Then, we comprehensively conclude the existing method on publicly available datasets. Finally, we have shown the performance comparison for traditional machine learning, deep learning and proposed hybrid classifier. Based on the evaluation it shows that hybrid of CNN and random forest outperforms others.
  Keywords: fake reviews detection; methodologies; machine learning; web-scrapping; information retrieval.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10061262
   
  
• Key drivers of consumers preference for purchasing ready-to-eat food products: a study of Delhi-NCR  
  by Shruti Bansal, Shobha Bhardwaj, Deepak Kumar Agarwal 
  Abstract: In this paper, we introduce the notion of healthy food. Very few studies had discussed the internal and external drivers influencing consumers towards ready-to-eat (RTE) food. This research study aimed to investigate the reasons why individuals residing in Delhi-NCR prefer to consume RTE food, as the majority of them are working and do not have sufficient time to purchase and cook fresh ingredients at home regularly. So, this study tries to identify and provide a few stable solutions by selecting intrinsic and extrinsic factors that can impact consumers purchase intention towards RTE food. For gaining insight knowledge a survey was conducted over the Delhi-NCR population to derive the niche expertise of findings. The PLS-SEM has been applied to the collected data. The results in the final optimised model represent that the factors namely convenience, healthiness, food safety concerns, price, and packaging significantly influenced the purchase intentions of consumers. This exploratory research has several practical implications from the companys, customers, and governmental point of view which is discussed in detailing the later part of the study.
  Keywords: ready-to-eat; RTE; National Capital Region; NCR; healthiness; food safety; extrinsic factor.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10061265
   
  
• Student placement prediction using optimised ensemble machine learning approach  
  by Ankur Arun Kulkarni, Shweta Agrawal, Ritu Tandon 
  Abstract: This study presents an optimised machine learning model to predict student placements. The methodology used here is to use optimised ensemble machine learning technique. The results of optimised ensemble model are compared with other machine learning methods like naive Bayes, KNN, support vector machines and decision trees. The key aspects of this work are the examination of historical student placement data and the prediction of current students placement. The attributes used for prediction are age, gender, stream, internship, CGPA, living facility, academic performance, etc. The performance of the implemented model for the placement prediction will be measured by various performance matrices like accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and AUC. Results show that maximum accuracy of prediction is 89% which is achieved through ensemble learning approach.
  Keywords: machine learning; student performance; placement; naive Bayes; ensemble learning.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10061340
   
  
• Deep learning for network security: a novel GNN-LSTM-based intrusion detection model  
  by Vivek Kumar Agrawal, Bhawna Rudra 
  Abstract: The rise in the use of IoT devices in daily life has led to an increase in attacks, making it crucial to protect our devices and information. Intrusion detection system (IDS) is vital in preventing potential attacks. This paper presents a novel IDS architecture using a hybrid GNN-LSTM-based approach. Graph neural network (GNN) is used to extract information from graph-based data, while long short-term memory networks (LSTM) helps learn patterns in the extracted embeddings due to its ability to learn from long-term dependencies in data. We introduce a new mechanism for edge-classification using GNN, eliminating the need for node feature aggregation, followed by edge embedding classification using the LSTM model. We also provide a detailed comparison of our proposed model with state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms for intrusion detection, demonstrating high accuracy.
  Keywords: graph neural network; GNN; intrusion detection system; IDS; long short-term memory network; LSTM; graph edge classification; information security.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10061342
   
  
• Emotional support and satisfaction with university campus life: mediation of self-efficacy and problem-solving  
  by Muhammad Shakil Ahmad, Malik Aizaz Ahmad, Islam Elgammal 
  Abstract: Drawing on social support theory, we examined the primary types of emotional support among university students and their impact on their satisfaction with campus life. We examined the mediating roles of self-efficacy and problem-solving capacity between two types of emotional support and satisfaction with campus life. This study implemented a cross-sectional survey design. Using a convenience sampling technique, data was collected from 582 university students. Structural equation modelling (SEM) using Smart PLS was used for data analysis. The study results show that students satisfaction with campus life is impacted by both parents and teachers emotional support in direct and indirect ways. The indirect impact of emotional support on satisfaction is via the mediating effect of self-esteem and problem-solving. Self-efficacy does not mediate the relationship between a teachers emotional support and student satisfaction with campus life. Additionally, the study tested the causality relationship amid self-efficacy and problem-solving capacity as mediators. The existence of a mediation effect on self-esteem and problem-solving has provided insights which add new knowledge to the extant literature in higher education institutions (HEIs) on enhancing emotional support among students.
  Keywords: emotional support; satisfaction; self-efficacy; problem-solving; students; campus life satisfaction.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10061650
   
  
• Managerial factors affecting university lecturers job performance in Africa: a systematic review  
  by Ahmed Aliyu Palladan, Adamu Idris Adamu 
  Abstract: This paper offers a systematic review of the literature on the empirical studies of the managerial factors that affect university lecturers performance in Africa. Employing the methodology of systematic review, we put in perspective 92 English empirical articles on this subject. Results reveal that training, remuneration and performance management systems are the most important predictors of job performance among lecturers in African public universities. The study found that lecturers performance was the main issue in the literature. A proposed model was also offered by the study. This paper can assist by providing future researchers with a roadmap for future managerial factors and highlighting the guidelines for their successful use in African tertiary institutions. Equally highlighted by the paper, is the practical implication of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors as they relate to lecturers three dimensions of performance.
  Keywords: Africa universities; managerial factors; lecturers’ performance; systematic review; universities performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10061661
   
  
• Consumer protection versus ecological sustainability theoretical and practical aspects in the tyre recycling industry  
  by Katarína Gubíniová, Philipp Seuser, Malgorzata A. Jarossová, Silvia Treľová 
  Abstract: By publishing the registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals (REACH) regulation to protect consumers from hazardous substances in products, a new instrument was installed which brings various difficulties to the industry. With this regulation, almost all products which are placed in the European market will be carefully analysed in terms of their chemical components. Especially recycling products are heavily affected by the new rules on product safety. Therefore, rubber tiles could no longer be produced and taken into the European market under the REACH regulation. A risk-based adaption of REACH is urgently necessary to enable industry also in future to recycle tyres and make products out of this material. The aim of the paper is to provide practical applications of the consumer protection in terms of the implementation of the sustainability principles into the tyre recycling industry in the B2B market.
  Keywords: consumer protection; sustainability; ecological sustainability; regulations.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10061763
   
  
• The main obstacles and chances to the introduction of innovative approaches and tools in the public administration of the Western Balkans countries  
  by Veran Stančetić 
  Abstract: The purpose of this article is to answer the question of whether and to what extent public administrations in Western Balkans is innovative, and what are the main obstacles and opportunities in the way of their innovations. The article explains the terms innovation and innovative approaches in public administration and how they can be measured. The key hypothesis is that in Western Balkans countries, public administrations are weakly innovative and their organisational structure is obsolete. This is proven based on a small number of innovative approaches. The basic methods on which the work is based are literature review, document content analysis, observation, and case studies. Also, the article provides an in-depth analysis of the causes of the recognised problem. The results show that a significant factor in this situation is the dominant (ruling) parties on the political scene since they are not particularly interested in changes and true public administration reform. Another important factor of the stated situation is the absence of a knowledge society, i.e., the lack of networking of various social actors, the partiality of knowledge that societies have, and weak social capital. In the conclusion, guidelines are given to overcome the identified problems.
  Keywords: public administration; public sector; IT; Serbia; Western Balkans.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10061765
   
  
• The role of cultural diversity and its impact on strategic performance through job embeddedness: an empirical study in Iraqi premium-class hotels  
  by Khalidiya Mostafa Atta, Marwan Sabah Hasan, Zaid Yaseen Saud 
  Abstract: The study aims to fill the theoretical and practical gap of the mediating effect of job embeddedness on cultural diversity and the improvement of strategic performance through the development of a conceptual framework for Hofstedes model of cultural diversity dimensions (individualism/collectivism, indulgence/restraint, distance uncertainty avoidance, masculinity/femininity, and long/short-term orientation) along with strategic performance and job embeddedness as a mediating variable. The developed model has been tested through statistical tools Amos.v.23 and SPSS (v.25) to analyse data from 93 employees in several premium-class Iraqi hotels (Al-Mansour, Al-Rasheed and Babel). The results showed the mediating effect of job embeddedness in strengthening the relationship between cultural diversity and strategic performance. The developed model site (Hofstede model) aligns with job embeddedness in the hotel sector.
  Keywords: balanced scorecard; Hofstede model; job embeddedness; strategic performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10061914
   
  
• Mixed strategy game theory and the Indian cotton industry  
  by Rohan Kunwar, Krish Vora, Debi Prasad Bal 
  Abstract: Two cotton mills in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, are analysed in this paper to determine their optimal strategy using mixed-strategy dynamic game theory. We used monthly data (20192022) on cotton prices. Our research demonstrates a cyclical character to the disparity in cotton prices indicated by two traders in 2019. In 2020 and 2021, however, the cyclical character is not seen because of extreme price volatility caused by the COVID-19 outbreak and consequent lockdowns; cycles are restored in 2022. The cyclical nature of the price difference plot is explained by applying mixed-strategy dynamic game theory to show the two traders modify prices. In 2019, (NX, NY) equals (0.68, 0.77), the Nash equilibrium. So, in a mixed Nash Equilibrium, both merchants will benefit from selling cotton.
  Keywords: cotton mills; mixed strategy; Nash equilibrium; and payoffs; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10062176
   
  
• What determines the profitability of the Indian commercial banking sector? A macro marketing mix perspective  
  by Bhagirath Prakash Baria, Prashant Vadikar, Hardik Bhadeshiya 
  Abstract: This paper estimates the aggregate profit function of the Indian commercial banking sector for the period 2000-2001 to 2023-2024 by synthesising two fundamental perspectives namely the marketing mix, and the macroeconomic approaches. By juxtaposing the aggregate profitability of the banking sector of India with the key marketing and macroeconomic determinants, a macro marketing view is proposed to understand what drives the performance of the Indian banking sector. The structure of our macro marketing model is clearly specified to derive the aggregate profit function by drawing inspiration from key literature in the marketing and macroeconomic schools on this issue. Econometric exercises are undertaken to provide an empirical shape to the proposed theoretical model. Results indicate that there is a stronger dominance of the macroeconomic forces in terms of the size of the macro coefficients, while there is a rich interplay of various marketing mix elements in determining the performance of the Indian commercial banking sector.
  Keywords: bank profitability; econometrics; financial services cycle; Indian banking sector; macroeconomics; structure-conduct-performance hypothesis; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10062247
   
  
• A comprehensive review of automated sarcasm detection techniques on Twitter  
  by Anindya Nag, Md. Mehedi Hassan, Ayontika Das, Anurag Sinha, Moupriya Das, G. Madhukar Rao, Md Shahin Ali, Chetna Kaushal, Biresh Kumar, Neetu Singh 
  Abstract: Automated sarcasm recognition is a valuable tool for analysing user sentiment on social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook. Sarcasm, a form of criticism, involves expressing thoughts contrary to the intended meaning, often as a means of insult or humour. Failing to recognise sarcasm can limit social and professional interactions. Our approach for sarcasm recognition utilises user embedding fitting, requiring only the users previous text posts without complex feature engineering or simultaneous data harvesting. In comparison to a state-of-the-art strategy relying on an extensive attribute collection, our model demonstrates superior performance. We evaluated various classifiers, including ARABERT, SVM, LSTMs, CNN, and Patternbased methods, on Twitter sarcasm detection. CNN achieved the highest accuracy at 95%, followed by LSTMs at 91.60%.
  Keywords: social media; sarcasm detection; Twitter; automatic sarcasm detection; Twitter data collection.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10062313
   
  
• Improved Indian currency recognition: neighbourhood-centred image processing and CNNs with region of pixel selection techniques  
  by Bhargavi Mopuru, Anurag Sinha, Ankita Agrawal, Amritesh Nandan, Ankit Agarwal, Peddi Nikitha, Vandana Sharma, Ankit Anand, Doğan Keskin, Biresh Kumar, Pooja Jha 
  Abstract: The paper proposes an improved approach for Indian currency recognition using neighbourhood-centred image processing and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with region of pixel selection techniques. The method includes image pre-processing steps such as noise reduction, contrast enhancement, and resizing. A neighbourhood-centred image processing technique is applied to capture contextual information from local neighbourhoods around each pixel. A CNN-based model is then trained on the pre-processed images to learn discriminative features for currency recognition. To enhance accuracy and efficiency, a region of pixel selection technique is introduced to select only relevant regions of interest for CNN training and inference, reducing computational overhead. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, achieving high accuracy in currency recognition and improved efficiency in terms of computational time and memory requirements. The proposed method has potential applications in automated cash-handling machines, vending machines, and mobile payment systems where reliable currency recognition is essential.
  Keywords: currency recognition; image processing; RGB; threshold; decision boundary; CNN; image processing; features.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10062480
   
  
• Analysis of the influence of electronic word-of-mouth on consumer intention to make a purchase using bibliometric methods  
  by Sneha Singh, Deepak Kaushal 
  Abstract: Online research has changed consumer evaluations. Consumers use internet review sites to make purchases. In recent years, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) communication has gained massive popularity. A lot of research has been done on the effects of eWOM communication on consumer purchase intention (CPI), but little has been done to synthesise the data and assess the field. Therefore, the current study examined how eWOM affects CPI and what the current scenario is associated with eWOM and CPI, along with the potential themes that can be used for future studies. An exhaustive 377 research studies were extracted from Scopus in the selected research field. Using the R package, bibliometric analysis was employed to produce a complete evaluation of the literature. The study helps analyse data, such as sales being the most common term or China being the most cited country. Researchers have assessed potential themes for future research and drawn some conclusions. Clusters from co-citation and co-word analysis networks define the intellectual structure of eWOM material. We may conclude that keyword co-occurrence revealed eWOM study clusters. The paper concludes with research limitations and suggestions.
  Keywords: electronic word-of-mouth; eWOM; consumer purchase intention; CPI; bibliometric analysis; systematic literature review; SLR; network analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10062682
   
  
• Systematic review: Industry 4.0 technologies in shopfloor management an overview  
  by Christian Fauska, Jaroslava Kniežová 
  Abstract: Industry 4.0 has been changing shopfloor management through technologies for digital surveillance and automated production. Available academic research highlights different technologies and applications, but so far, no comprehensive review outlining development requirements has been published. The study fills this research gap by systematising Industry 4.0 shopfloor technologies and their opportunities and challenges in a four-sector matrix. The study calls for further research on the machine-to-machine interface in cross-departmental applications.
  Keywords: Industry 4.0; shop floor management; preventive maintenance; lean production; smart factory.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10063105
   
  
• Investigating the effect of perception of corporate social responsibility on customer-company identification and resistance to negative information in banking sector  
  by Shirin Nilian, Seyed Mehdi Mirmehdi, Mostafa Omidnezhad 
  Abstract: The concept of social responsibility has been a vital element in the communication between brands and stakeholders in the last decade. Large and reputable global organisations consider corporate social responsibility as part of their corporate strategy. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of corporate social responsibility perception on customer-company identification and resistance to negative information. For this purpose, a survey is conducted based on the questionnaire method to collect data from a sample of 200 people who are customers of Bank Saderat branches in Hamadan. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive research in terms of data collection. A questionnaire was used to measure the research variables, which included three parts: perception of social responsibility, resistance to negative information, and customer-company identification. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbachs alpha method and its validity was confirmed using convergent validity. Structural equation modelling is performed through Smart PLS software to analyse the data. According to research findings, at the 95% confidence level, perception of social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on resistance to negative information as well as customer-company identification.
  Keywords: consumer-company identification; corporate social responsibility; resilience to negative information; perception.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10063328
   
  
• Investigating banking research trends in the era of COVID-19: bibliometric analysis  
  by Metania Adiarti Sutanto, Maria Widyarini, Vera Intanie Dewi 
  Abstract: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the banking industry. This research explores various aspects, including financial technology development, stock market and monetary policy, green finance, lockdown and economic disruption, digital banking, payment and risk management, and financial stability. The study highlights the importance of understanding the economic aspects emphasised by government actions and the shift towards digital payment and digital banks. It also examines the impact of the pandemic on credit risk and non-performing loans in Indonesia. The paper summarises key findings and their implications for theoretical, managerial, and regulatory perspectives. It acknowledges limitations and suggests future directions for further research.
  Keywords: bibliometric analysis; banking; pandemic; COVID-19; finance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10063596
   
  
• Quantum technologies outreach and AI  
  by Vandana Sharma, Seema Rani, Arman Raj, Ankit Kumar Shanu, Celestine Iwendi 
  Abstract: Quantum computing is one of the buzzing technologies in this modern computational era. Quantum computing is purely based on quantum mechanics as few dormant applications and advanced studies of quantum computers are integrated with quantum mechanics. This paper highlights the seven perspectives of quantum computing which is essential to get deep insights of quantum computing. The seven prerequisites are superposition, decoherence, entanglement, linear algebra, classical mechanics, quantum Fourier analysis and many body systems. The main objective of this paper is to find few stupendous impacts of this computing which will complement and explore various applications of artificial intelligence like weather pattern identification, traffic prediction, e-mail spam filtering, logistics optimisation, etc. This paper discusses visions of the top quantum computing companies and their contributions to quantum technologies. In this paper, a comparative analysis has been presented between quantum computing and classical computing. The major challenges which quantum computing faces have been addressed.
  Keywords: quantum computing; quantum mechanics; entanglement; superposition; quantum Fourier analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10063726
   
  
• Smart cities security mechanisms and standards  
  by Somayya Madakam, Shridhar Samant 
  Abstract: The primary goal of developing a smart city anywhere in the globe is to improve the quality of life while fostering economic growth without jeopardising the ecological systems equilibrium. This study examines the requirements of smart cities for increased urban operational effectiveness. The authors elaborated on the standardisation of the TrendMicro cybersecurity checklist for smart cities. In a nutshell, this article emphasises the standardisation of software, hardware, networking, security, and interoperability to develop the various civic service domains in the construction of smart cities. This research articles sole source of secondary data was the internet. After the content analysis completion, a thematic narration is used to analyse the data for international-standard connotations. The novelty of this study is that this is first of its kind research paper in this field. All stakeholders including urban citizens, smart city investors, designers, municipalities, governments, and corporates will benefit from this paper.
  Keywords: smart cities; quality of life; QoL; security; TrendMicro; International Telecommunications Union; ITU; IEEE; British Standards Institute; BSI; multinational corporations; MNCs.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10063755
   
  
• Twenty years of mergers and acquisitions research: a thematic review study  
  by Harshita Bhargave, Dinesh Tandon 
  Abstract: The present study has reviewed significant research works in the domain of mergers and acquisitions. Through applying the principle of inclusion and exclusion, 250 research studies were identified as relevant for the years 2004 to 2023. Out of 250 research studies, 63 research studies are examined in the present review. These significant studies are presented in a thematic manner. Accounting and financial issues, the impact of M&A deals on stock prices, strategic aspects of M&A, and how M&A deals influence a nations economy are the major areas of this research work. Some significant theories related to various stages of M&A are also exhibited. According to our findings, promising areas for future research are to analyse how an organisations culture transforms after and during M&A, to study different forms of the synergy creation, to evaluate an all-around firms performance, and to critically evaluate the impact of different theories on M&A deals.
  Keywords: mergers and acquisitions; M&A; accounting and financial issues; strategy; stock markets; nation’s economy.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10063834
   
  
• A quantitative analysis of UPIs role in Indias stock market evolution and retail investor dynamics  
  by Vandana Lakhotia Ladha, Ajay Trivedi, Kritika Pancholi 
  Abstract: The launch of UPI in 2016 transformed financial transactions, replacing cash exchanges and seamlessly integrating into various sectors. Its impact on businesses, fintech, and startups has been significant, fostering collaboration and innovation. Despite its effectiveness, daily transaction restrictions pose challenges. Raising these limits could attract more investment, benefiting the economy. UPI has attracted retail investors, contributing to a diverse investor base and transforming the intersection of financial technology and capital markets. This study quantitatively assesses UPIs impact on Indias stock market, focusing on demat accounts and retail investor behaviour. The research involves a longitudinal study using data from reputable financial institutions, exploring UPIs influence on demat account numbers, power dynamics in the stock market, and trading behaviour. Recommendations include increasing daily transaction limits to empower retail investors and acknowledging UPIs significant role in Indias evolving financial narrative. Continuous monitoring and research are emphasised to understand UPIs long-term impact on the countrys financial ecosystem.
  Keywords: Unified Payments Interface; UPI; demat account; retail investors; Nifty 50.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10064057
   
  
• Organisational culture and job performance among employees of SMEs: the mediating role of job satisfaction  
  by Amjad S. Al-Delawi, Alaa S. Jameel, Manaf B. Raewf, Sinan A. Harjan, Thabit H. Thabit 
  Abstract: This study aims to determine the impact of organisational culture on job performance among Iraqi SMEs employees and examine the mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship between organisational culture and job performance. Smart-PLS was used to analyse 104 valid questioners after testing the reliability and validity of the model. The results indicated that the organisational culture had a positive and significant impact on job performance and job satisfaction. Additionally, job satisfaction showed a positive and significant impact on job performance. Job satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between organisational culture and job performance. The value of establishing a good organisational culture in SMEs is highlighted in this study because it improves and predicts job performance.
  Keywords: organisational culture; job satisfaction; job performance; small- and medium-sized enterprises; SMEs.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10064097
   
  
• Predicting the COVID-19 confirmed cases using K-means clustering algorithm a case study for challenges in big data analytics  
  by Sundaravadivazhagan Balasubaramanian, Kavitha Venkatesh, Saleem Raja Abdulsamad, Hannah Vijaykumar 
  Abstract: Several society and confidential region industries produce stores and investigate the big data with a purpose to progress the contributions they afford. This progression is referred as big data analytics. Biomedical studies generate a large amount of data that indirectly or directly influence public healthcare. This paper brings out numerous obstacles available in medical care based big data analytics, while much concentration is given to inaccuracy prevalent in the healthcare information that showcases the health of the patients as well as vital parameters of the common people. As a case study, dataset about COVID-19 confirmed patients and increase the life-saving chances. This model further tries to prove that a machine learning models capability to handle the inaccuracies in the dataset and provide best possible outcome. Hence, this case study can lead other industries to utilise the inaccurate datasets to contribute progressively for humankind with the help of machine learning.
  Keywords: big data; healthcare sectors; structured data; unstructured data; K-means clustering.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10064174
   
  
• Methods and instruments of adaptive control over an intelligent enterprise using the weak signals  
  by Vasyl Teslyuk, Ivan Tsmots, Hanna Nazarkevych 
  Abstract: The growing rise of the economy and automatisation require precise and real-time data-driven decision-making from the enterprise. The proposed intelligent enterprise management system for detecting weak signals based on an integrated approach uses the technologies of Internet of Things devices, data processing algorithms and decision support strategies. A basic four-level structure of an intelligent enterprise management system has been developed. The external environment is decomposed into influence signals. The threshold value is compared with the difference between the calculated and predicted values of the integrated indicator of impact on the enterprise. A method of adaptive management of an intelligent enterprise by weak signals has been developed, which, by monitoring the environment and predicting the consequences of the implementation of management decisions, ensures effective management of the enterprise. The program for assessing environmental signals developed in MATLAB allows one to calculate the total signal of influence on an intelligent enterprise.
  Keywords: adaptive control; intelligent enterprise using the weak signals; method for detecting weak signals; method for adaptive management of a smart enterprise.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10064175
   
  
• Hybrid model for fashion recommendation system using image by CNN and transformer techniques  
  by Sivabalakrishnan Maruthaiappan, Abdul Quadir Md 
  Abstract: Fashion is viewed as a desirable and lucrative industry since fashionable products are in high demand. One of the features that will ensure customer comfort is the ability to recommend similar fashion items based on the image of fashion item. This feature fetches similar fashion items for the customer based on the fashion image given as an input by the customer instead of searching with qualitative data which will consume more time compared to searching with images. To classify and recommend fashion item, this research involves multi label classification of fashion items by applying convolution based algorithms like CNN, RESNET 50 and vision transformer based algorithm such as Swin Transformer and recommendation algorithm to recommend fashion items and also showcases the integration of trained model.
  Keywords: convolutional neural networks; CNNs; residual neural network; swin transformer; recommendation system.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10064391
   
  
• Impact of effective work life balance on employees satisfaction a study of selected star category hotels of Dehradun  
  by Akash Rawat, Ravish Kukreti, Rakesh Dani 
  Abstract: The Indian hotel sector is growing and the employees welfare especially the work life balance (WLB) and satisfaction in star hotels of Dehradun requires analysis as per the gap in research from literature review. A descriptive study was conducted and the results are to be considered for the betterment of the sector. Work in hospitality sector has turned to be relatively extracting as client prospects in tours of comfort and range of services have risen dramatically, farther augmented by violent competition in the sector. Therefore, it is getting critical for the staff to meet client demands and it gives ascent to work pressure. This pressure is-communicated in multitasking, increased hours of work, leading to passionate and physical strain and eventually leads to work-life imbalance. In case the imbalance goes unattended, it leads to employee dissatisfaction with job, swelled pressure and eventually job revise. The present-day study tried to understand this relationship between WLB, job satisfaction, job pressure and human resource (HR) development of hotel industry.
  Keywords: work life balance; WLB; employee satisfaction; star hotels; Dehradun.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10064438
   
  
• Technostress and conservation of resources theory: a dyadic study in the service environment  
  by Kashif Farhat, Shahira El Alfy, Wajeeha Aslam 
  Abstract: The study aims to explore how the technostress of frontline employees in a service environment affects customer experience, customer satisfaction, and customer delight and its resulting effect on customer brand advocacy. Moreover, the study examines the moderating role of self-efficacy optimism between technology-driven job demands and technostress of service employees. The study used dyadic research design and the data was acquired from 201 customers and 151 frontline service employees through a survey questionnaire. Findings reveal that self-efficacy optimism buffers the impact of technology-driven overload and technostress. Moreover, self-efficacy optimism also moderates the impact of technology-driven role ambiguity and technostress. Furthermore, technostress negatively affects customer experience, customer satisfaction, and customer delight and ultimately affects customer brand advocacy. It is one of the rare scholarly investigations that show self-efficacy optimism reduces the effect of technology-driven job demands on the technostress of frontline employees from the lens of conservation of resources (COR) theory.
  Keywords: frontline service employees; technostress; customer experience; customer delight; customer brand advocacy; CBA; service encounters.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10064684
   
  
• Exploring post-purchase intentions in Thailands tourism sector: a study on service quality, perceived value, trust, and satisfaction of customer  
  by Chaiyawit Muangmee, Suraphan Jaima, Kanakorn Sawangcharoen, Thun Chaitorn, Nuttapon Kassakorn, Shahab E. Saqib 
  Abstract: This study investigates the post-purchase intentions of visitors to Thailands tourist destinations by examining the impact of service quality, perceived value, customer trust, and customer satisfaction. Data was collected from 383 visitors and analysed through a structural equation model. The results show that service quality has a significant positive influence (p-value < 0.01) on customer perceived value, customer satisfaction, and post-purchase intention. Additionally, a customer-perceived value significantly (p-value < 0.01) affects customer trust and satisfaction. The study identified customer trust as a significant mediator between service quality and post-purchase intention (coefficient = 0.012, p-value < 0.01), while customer satisfaction acts as a positive mediator (coefficient = 0.03, p-value < 0.01) for the impact of service quality and perceived value on post-purchase intention. The findings suggest that tourism managers must give priority to service quality and customer satisfaction to foster repeat visits and establish a loyal customer base.
  Keywords: post-purchase intentions; consumer behaviour; customer retention; tourism service quality; marketing strategies; Thai tourism industry; Thailand.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10064685
   
  
• Unveiling the mediating role of job stress and workload in the impact of job satisfaction on employee performance  
  by Bakti Setyadi, Sulaiman Helmi, Anas Hidayat 
  Abstract: This study delves into the intricate dynamics among job satisfaction, job stress, workload, and employee performance using a comprehensive causality model. Data collected from 129 employees at the Palembang Branch of the Employment Social Security Administering Body were analysed. While the study found that direct effects of job satisfaction on employee performance were not significant, it revealed that job stress and workload exerted substantial direct impacts on employee performance. Moreover, job satisfaction was identified as influencing both job stress and workload, thereby indirectly affecting employee performance through these mediators. These findings underscore the critical role of managing job stress and workload in enhancing employee performance, offering actionable insights for organisations, particularly the Palembang Branch of the Employment Social Security Administering Body. By implementing effective strategies to alleviate job stress and manage workload, organisations can indirectly bolster job satisfaction and ultimately elevate employee performance levels.
  Keywords: job satisfaction; job stress; workload; employee performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10064686
   
  
• Human fingerprint identification using minutiae extraction algorithm  
  by Saroj Pandey, Ankit Kumar, Kamred Udham Singh, Anurag Sinha, Panduraju Pagidimalla, Kajal Kaul, Amarnath Singh 
  Abstract: Recent years have seen fingerprints emerge as the most reliable form of identification due to their distinctiveness and longevity. Because of this, fingerprint authentication is being used extensively in many different applications. Using an image processing approach, fingerprint identification is the process of verifying an individuals identity through analysis of their fingerprints. This process involves matching and enhancing the image quality. An image gathering system, image processing, and verification and detection are the three fundamental parts of a traditional fingerprint identification system. Back-propagation neural network, robust thin-plate spline (RTPS), minutiae matching method, and reference auto-correction utilising FCM-CBIR strategy is a few of the fingerprint detecting systems that have been discussed. This papers goal is to analyse and summaries several fingerprint recognition techniques. A detailed study of the methodologies stated above is undertaken, and the minutiae matching algorithm is used for fingerprint recognition. The research is given as a flowchart, which can be expanded in future work. The false match rate (FMR) and false non-match rate (FNMR) of this approach are shown, reflecting the degree of similarity and dissimilarity with other fingerprints in the dataset.
  Keywords: fingerprint identification; RTPS; FCM-CBIR; biometric; histogram equalisation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10065013
   
  
• Perceptual analysis of electricity users: a spatial study of Haryana power discoms  
  by Kamaljit Singh, Jasvinder Kaur, Simmi Vashishtha 
  Abstract: This study measures the perception of Haryana power discoms by three distinct consumer categories, namely domestic, agricultural, and commercial and industrial electricity consumers. The perception is measured on availability, accessibility, quality, reliability, and affordability dimensions through a self-developed questionnaire. A sample of 396 users is selected out of the total population of domestic, agricultural, and industrial and commercial connections for data collection. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability and validity tests and inferential statistical tests are performed to identify the significant factors determining electricity users perceptions. The study results indicate that domestic and agricultural users better perceive UHBVNL than DHBVNL, while commercial and industrial users better perceive DHBVNL in comparison. In order to improve the perceptions of electricity users, power discoms are advised to ensure uninterrupted power supply, deliver electricity bills in a timely manner, and regularly maintain electricity infrastructure. They should also focus on providing personnel training, implementing an effective grievance redressal mechanism, and establishing a consistent power supply schedule.
  Keywords: availability; accessibility; quality; reliability; affordability; perception; power discoms.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10065494
   
  
• A systematic review on public transport services and passenger satisfaction using text mining technique  
  by Govind Nath Srivastava, Daviender Narang, Harsh Purohit 
  Abstract: The study aims to conduct a systematic, structured and comprehensive review of public transportation using bibliometric and content analysis. A three-stage iterative process was used for a comprehensive review of the literature. Relevant literature from 2000 to 2020 was reviewed using the PRISMA framework-2009. VOSviewer statistical software is used for bibliometric analysis. The study brings meaningful inferences associated with the productivity of the authors, citations, clusters, emerging patterns and intellectual structure of the subject. Network analysis formed four clusters: public transportation, mass transportation, sustainability and accessibility. This study enriches the existing body of knowledge. A total of 23 research questions were proposed under four streams to conduct the study in future. The present study is distinct as it is believed to be the first study which uses an integrated method using three complementary approaches to review the existing literature.
  Keywords: public transport services; citation analysis; bibliometric analysis; content analysis; systematic literature review.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10065650
   
  
• Navigating the challenges of SME performance in Bangladesh: a focus on financial, marketing, and operational factors  
  by Imtiaz Masroor 
  Abstract: This study examined the factors that affect the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. The research found that financial, marketing, and operational factors all play a crucial role in determining SME performance, which is consistent with previous research. However, the relative importance of each factor may vary depending on the specific context and industry. Our study highlights the need for SMEs to invest in these areas and leverage technology to enhance their performance. The study also emphasises the importance of entrepreneurship and SMEs in the economic development of developing countries like Bangladesh. Our findings suggest that operational factors play a key role in the performance of SMEs in Dhaka and Khulna city. We provide several recommendations for SMEs to improve their performance and contribute to the growth of the economy. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for SMEs in Bangladesh and can help guide their strategies for improving their performance and contributing to the development of the economy. Further research is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that affect SME performance in Bangladesh.
  Keywords: entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship; financial factors; marketing factors; operational factors; performance of SMEs; firm performance; emerging economies; Bangladesh.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10065879
   
  
• Service development and quality of exports: evidence from cross-country sectoral data  
  by Nguyen Thi Thu Huong, Danbee Park 
  Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of service development on the quality of exports using a cross-country industry-level dataset covering 124 countries over 19972015. We utilise the Eora Global Supply Chain Database provided by UNCTAD and focus on four primary service sectors (i.e., electricity, gas, and water; transport; post and telecommunication; and financial intermediation and business activities). Based on the demand function developed by Khandelwal et al. (2013), we estimate the quality of each exported product. Employing panel regression with fixed effects models, we find that service development is associated with improved export quality, especially in service-intensive sectors. Further, our evidence indicates that the positive impact of foreign service inputs on export quality is more significant in countries with less-developed service sectors. These results suggest that policies facilitating service development, service trade liberalisation, and strengthening linkages between manufacturing and service sectors are crucial in enhancing the quality of commodity exports.
  Keywords: service development; quality of exports; foreign service inputs.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10065999
   
  
• Exploring asset allocation approaches in pension plans: a comprehensive review and future research agenda  
  by Keshav Kant Prasad, Amlan Ghosh, Divya Singh 
  Abstract: Asset allocation plays a pivotal role in the success of pension fund management, influencing long-term fund performance and addressing longevity risk in retirement. With the transition from defined benefits to defined contribution plans, the study of asset allocation has gained even greater significance. Despite the growing research efforts in this area, a comprehensive literature review on asset allocation in pension funds is lacking. This paper addresses this gap by conducting an in-depth review of the literature on pension fund asset allocation with the objective of understanding the theoretical foundations, concepts, and recent developments in the area. Through, bibliometric and content analysis of 546 articles, the finding of this study indicates a surge in acceptance of asset allocation in pension funds research post-2008. Further, the study has identified four clusters representing the thematic diversity of research in this field: asset-liability management, asset allocation policy and fund performance, optimising DC pension plans, and optimal design and management of pension plans. By amalgamating historical trends, influential contributors, institutional roles, and thematic clusters, this research not only enhances the current state of knowledge but also serve as a foundation for a structured and comprehensive future research agenda in asset allocation for pension funds.
  Keywords: asset allocation; pension funds; retirement; literature review; content analysis; network analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10066001
   
  
• Factors affecting employees turnover intention in Chinas hospitality industry: a systematic analysis using the DEMATEL-AISM approach  
  by Xiaoli Lu, Mohamed Abdelhady, Yilu Zhang 
  Abstract: Turnover intention, particularly amidst the difficulties posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, has become an even more pressing concern. COVID-19 has caused serious challenges for the hospitality industry, amplifying employees feelings of job insecurity and contributing to elevated turnover intention rates. Therefore, to diminish the likelihood of employee turnover, it is crucial to address this issue by improving working conditions and implementing employee engagement strategies. In order to better understand employee turnover intention in the hospitality industry, this study introduces a comprehensive turnover index with three dimensions and 15 indicators. By employing the DEMATEL-AISM approach, this research identified major variables affecting staff turnover in Chinas hospitality businesses. The study revealed that age, job autonomy, compensation and benefits, and corporate culture are the primary drivers of employees intentions to leave their jobs. Furthermore, job satisfaction emerged as a critical outcome factor impacted by these variables.
  Keywords: COVID-19; employee turnover; DEMATEL-AISM approach; hierarchical topology; China.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10066095
   
  
• Robotic process automation transformations in healthcare services: a retrospective review and future research agenda  
  by S. Thilagavathy, Sayeda Mehar, Firoz Alam 
  Abstract: In the past few years, robotic process automation (RPA) has drawn much corporate attention concerning automation initiatives. There has been a progressive impact of RPA in a healthcare practice and it intends to replicate human cognitive functions by reducing repetitive human tasks and activities to deliver valuable results or services. Data was extracted from Scopus database containing links to access full-texts, which allows journal articles to access from across a wide range of disciplines and different domains. Scopus database is produced by Elsevier; it provides researchers with access to both past and current articles. The area of study for our research focuses on SLR based bibliometric analysis to clearly understand the current research flow on the aspect of RPA and deliver a comprehensive outline of RPA with avenues for future research activities. Extensive research will be required to assure and prove the design of RPA, its development and its implementation are trustworthy.
  Keywords: robotic process automation; RPA; healthcare services; bibliometric analysis; hospitals.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10066099
   
  
• Global investments, local impacts: a longitudinal study of how foreign direct investment shapes corporate tax revenue in India  
  by Muskan Malhotra, Pravin Saxena 
  Abstract: The core of any economy's and the government's development plans is revenue mobilisation. Since 1991, India has undoubtedly become more welcoming to foreign direct investment. The effects of foreign direct investment on mobilisation of corporate tax revenue have not been well studied despite the undeniable roles that foreign direct investment plays in the development of ventures. Therefore, this study evaluates how inflow of Foreign Direct Investment has helped India raise corporate tax revenue collection using regression technique. Further, the Johansen-co-integration model is used to determine the long run relationship among the chosen variables. The study established that inflow of foreign direct investment has a significant positive impact on the collection of corporate tax revenue and also there lies long run relationship between foreign direct investment and corporate tax revenue. Therefore, it is prudent to use measures that attract foreign direct investment inflow as it accelerates revenue mobilisation in the country.
  Keywords: tax revenue; corporate tax revenue; foreign direct investment; FDI; gross domestic product; global investment; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10066100
   
  
• The effect of risk perceptions of investors on risk reduction strategies  
  by Amir Reza Konjkav Monfared, Mohammad Ghaffari, Fatemeh Esmaeil Zaee Gharib, Hossein Arjmandi 
  Abstract: The aim of this study is to identify different types of perceived risk reduction strategies of investors when they want to decide on investment and model development to examine the effect of risk perceptions on risk reduction strategies. The statistical population of this study is all investors of Iranian capital market. The research model has been developed in two stages. At first, it has been attempted to identify the kinds of investors risk reduction strategies. In the second step, the impact of the risk perception has been studied on these strategies. In this research, a questionnaire was used to collect data. Structural equation modelling (SEM) has been used to analyse the data. The results of this research indicate that clients of investment services while facing perceived risk use mainly two strategies to adjust and control the risk perceptions. Accordingly, reducing uncertainty by searching for information and reducing vulnerability by reducing the amount of investment and increasing diversification are risk reduction strategies. The results showed that risk perceptions had a significant effect on the information search rate. Risk perceptions also had a significant impact on reducing the amount of investment.
  Keywords: risk perceptions; perceived risk reduction strategy; information search; investment decision.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10066120
   
  
• Factors affecting willingness to pay for crop insurance: an empirical analysis of Haryana and Rajasthan  
  by Harpreet Kaur, Parul Verma 
  Abstract: The study has analysed the socio-economic profile as well as the willingness to pay for crop insurance of non-loanee farmers with the help of a field survey which was conducted from non-loanee farmers of Haryana and Rajasthan during 20212022. The study found that most of the farmers who have voluntarily (non-loanee) purchased crop insurance were males. The majority of the non-loanee farmers were graduates and had incomes of more than Rs. 2 lakh per annum in both states. The probit model has been used to analyse the impact of awareness among farmers about crop insurance, the importance of low premium rates, and the indemnity received in the previous year on willingness to pay for crop insurance. The result of the probit model for both the states, i.e., Haryana and Rajasthan have indicated that awareness among farmers, the importance of low premium rates and indemnity received in previous years has a positive significant effect on willingness to pay (WTP) for crop insurance.
  Keywords: agriculture sector; subsidies; weather conditions; crop failure; crop insurance; awareness; indemnity; premium rate; loanee farmers; non-loanee farmers.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10066318
   
  
• A novel mechanism for intelligent forwarding in cloud environment using network traffic flows classification  
  by R. Deebalakshmi, R. Thilagavathy, Meenakshi Sankaran 
  Abstract: One of the most efficient environments for collaborative computing has recently emerged as cloud computing. A router is crucial in a cloud system for load distribution and traffic reduction. The primary role of a router in network management, in existing strategy router simply forwards the packet to planned beneficiary. It does not know the significance of package and package count. This reduces the routers productivity while the way is obstructed. Advanced marking approaches and traditional order tactics, which are port-based, provide less precision for arrangement, using the wire shark apparatus to estimate switch activity movement is collected per flow set, and every flow pair is sorted by a structure-upgraded neural system, all sorted traffics are classified application wise, this detail sent to the router for appropriate flow set transmission. This reduces latency, increased throughput, load balancing, and reduced cloud traffic all contribute to a routers increased effectiveness of 97.4% then traditional router.
  Keywords: efficient forwarding; cloud computing; classification; traffic monitoring; traffic classes; neural network; fish seminary search.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2023.10066319
   
  
• Financial security in the use of digital technologies for open socio-economic systems under the threat of war: methodological aspects of process modelling  
  by Vitaliy Shliakhetko, Andriy Shtangret, Bohdan Diak, Vitaliy Flyak, Iryna Bezpalko 
  Abstract: In Ukraine, since the beginning of 2022, the threat of military action has had a dominant influence on business, including in matters of digital transformation of enterprises. Under such circumstances, the digital transformation of Ukrainian enterprises requires priority consideration of security aspects, which is implemented through functional modelling. The main goal of the article is a modern methodological approach to modelling the process of ensuring the digital transformation of an enterprise in the context of the threat of military action. The object of the study is Ukrainian enterprises operating under martial law in the country. The scientific task is to present an effective model for ensuring the digital transformation of Ukrainian enterprises in the face of the negative influence of threats. For this purpose, the research methodology involves the use of structured analysis and design technique (SADT), which is a tool that allows you to analyse systems and visualise their structure. As a result of the study, a modern and effective SADT model for ensuring the digital transformation of an enterprise in the context of the threat of military action is presented. Models have been developed that allow planning and carry out digital transformation, based on possible further changes in the priority of the influence of threats and can be applied in the conditions of any enterprise, regardless of the scale of its activities and the main type of economic activity.
  Keywords: security; digital enterprise transformation; banks; threat of military action; digital and financial technologies; social media; structured analysis and design technique; SADT.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10066608
   
  
• Role of ESG measures in sustainable business environment: a systematic literature review and agenda for future research  
  by M.D. Aisha Begum, T.N.V.R.L. Swamy 
  Abstract: The demand and supply for the information of the companies sustainability performance is growing rapidly. To meet this demand, environmental, social, governance (ESG) performance measures plays a crucial role. In this research, we have highlighted the ESG measures, ESG present research areas and present trends of ESG measures by framing research questions. Our study contributes in ways by answering to the research question. Firstly, this study captured literature from the year 2018 to 2023 from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases and included 50 articles in the study by applying systematic literature review method. Secondly, the current work highlighting trends of the ESG literature in terms of theoretical lenses. Thirdly, lighting academic interest in the ESG measures and adds to the already literature on ESG aspects. Finally, the work emphasises the importance of ESG Maturity software. This study provides distinct and even broader overview of ESG reporting, theories used, and use ESG Maturity. It is suggested that future studies take into consideration various frameworks like The Climate Disclosure Standards Board and Future Fit Business Benchmark (FFBB).
  Keywords: ESG theory; business sustainability; environmental performance; social performance; governance performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10066610
   
  
• Service approaches that promote customer satisfaction: learnings from COVID-19  
  by Jeffrey Pittman Pittman II., Mary G. Roseman 
  Abstract: The restaurant industrys challenges in maintaining consumer demand were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a survey of restaurant operators, the study examined restaurant managers perceptions about consumer satisfaction with restaurant service delivery approaches that were heavily utilised during COVID-19. The findings demonstrated significant impacts that specific service delivery approaches had on consumer satisfaction. Since these approaches continue to be operationally applicable today, the findings highlight the importance of restaurant managers to dedicate resources towards maintaining consumer demand through the use of 3rd party delivery, reusable food packaging, drive-thru, meal kits, and hot-and cold-temperature food packaging to improve their operations.
  Keywords: service approaches; customer satisfaction; restaurant services; pandemic; restaurant service innovation; service quality; COVID-19.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10066611
   
  
• The formation of green customer loyalty to green caf  
  by Raditha Hapsari, Ananda Sabil Hussein 
  Abstract: This study aims to forecast consumer loyalty towards green cafes by including the green-value model and green relationship quality. This study specifically examines the relationship between green egoistic and altruistic motivation, green satisfaction, green trust, green perceived value, and green customer loyalty. A total of 225 participants took part in this investigation. Participants were picked from various green caf
  Keywords: green customer loyalty; green satisfaction; green trust; green perceived value; green motivation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10066710
   
  
• Talent management and service quality in the information technology companies in Jordan: the mediating role of competitive creativity  
  by Marwan Mowaffaq Ghazi Alabbas, Dazmin Bin Daud, Wardatul Hayat Adnan, Kay Hooi Keoy 
  Abstract: The human resources management practices used in finding talented employees are known as talent management. This study analysed the role that talent management plays in raising the standard of the services provided by Jordanian information technology companies through competitive creativity from the perspective of talented employees. Data were collected from 341 employees from thirty companies. Findings of this study showed that talent management practices on service quality through indirect effects of competitive creativity had a significant positive effect on service improvement. Additionally, the direct effects of talent management practices such as talent attraction and talent succession planning were significant and positive on service quality, while other practices such as talent retention had a significant negative effect on service quality. This study enriches the literature due to the first-time use of competitive creativity between talent management and service quality.
  Keywords: talent retention; talent attraction; talent succession planning; service quality; competitive creativity.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10067026
   
  
• Unlocking financial insights: decoding sentiment in annual reports to transform bank risk and performance metrics  
  by Anna Pilková, Slavka Eley, Michal Munk, Lívia Kelebercová, Petra Blažeková 
  Abstract: One of outstanding issues of Pillar 3 information disclosure is to increase the relatively low interest of stakeholders of commercial banks operating in the CEE region in Pillar 3 information. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relations between the sentiment expressed in different sections of annual reports and the performance and risk indicators, disclosed as part of the Pillar 3 disclosures, of a commercial bank operating in CEE country. We examined risk and performance indicators in the context of textual disclosures of six sections of the annual reports. We found out that sections the supervisory board and board of directors presented the weakest dependence followed by external environment and results. The strongest dependence has been found in sections assessment and information on expected economic and financial situation in upcoming year.
  Keywords: sentiment analysis; annual reports of the bank; banking performance indicators; banking risk indicators.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10067066
   
  
• Sentiment shifts: sentiment analysis of annual reports during key economic and political periods  
  by Lívia Kelebercová, Michal Munk, Anna Pilková, Karol Bližnák 
  Abstract: Annual reports are important in globalised economies as they are serving as tools for communication between banks and their stakeholders, including shareholders/investors, analysts, regulators/government agencies, other financial institutions, employees, and business partners. This study utilises sentiment analysis to examine shifts in sentiment within Slovak annual reports across key periods: pre-financial crisis, financial crisis, post-financial crisis, post-revision of the third pillar, COVID-19 pandemic, and the energy crisis/war in Ukraine. Results reveal notable patterns, with the global financial crisis being the most turbulent period, marked by a higher ratio of negative sentences. In contrast, the Post-Pillar 3 revision period exhibits stability, featuring the highest ratio of neutral sentences. This research contributes valuable insights into corporate sentiment dynamics during challenging times, shedding light on how companies navigate uncertainty and present narratives in annual reports, influencing stakeholder perceptions and potentially signalling future corporate decisions and strategies.
  Keywords: machine learning; sentiment analysis; annual reports.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10067067
   
  
• Effects of digital transformation on working time systems and working time protection in church-owned hospitals from the perspective of employee representatives  
  by Jens Eilers, Rozalia Sulikova 
  Abstract: This study investigates the impact of digitisation on working time management and protection measures in church-owned hospitals. Analysing data from employee representatives through guided expert interviews, the research reveals a moderate positive correlation between digitisation and the frequency of service agreements on working time management. This implies that as digitalisation advances, organisations are more inclined to adopt flexible work arrangements. Elaborating the research problem with statistical methods it became apparent however, the correlation between digitisation and working time protection measures is weak and statistically insignificant, suggesting uncertainty in the relationship between these variables. While digitalisation offers potential benefits such as improved work-life balance and remote work opportunities, concerns about constant accessibility and overworking arise. The goal of the article is to address the effects of digital transformation on working time systems and working time protection in church-owned hospitals from the perspective of employee representatives. The findings underscore the need for cautious navigation of digital transformation, balancing flexible work practices with protective measures to ensure employee well-being. Further research is required to elucidate causal relationships and explore employees perspectives on these changes.
  Keywords: digitisation; work time management; working time protection; flexible work arrangements; service agreements; church-owned hospitals; employee representatives; work-life balance; remote work.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10067068
   
  
• Test suite reduction techniques for software product line testing: a survey  
  by Viplesh Dubey, Manju Kaushik, Satendra Kumar 
  Abstract: Software product line (SPL) testing is more difficult than testing individual software systems. So far, testing each individual SPL item is fine, but too expensive in practice. Honestly, the number of potential products increases dramatically when the number of features increases, which is usually obtained from feature models. Due to the high volume of production, it is not possible to test all of SPLs products. In order to reduce the testing cost and testers workload, various methods have been proposed. One of them is the test suite reduction (TSR) strategy for reducing the number of test cases. TSR reduces the time required for regression testing by identifying and removing unnecessary test cases according to a predetermined set of constraints. Therefore, we follow the TSR approach to reduce the number of products in SPL. Here, we conduct a survey of TSR methods for SPL testing. TSR not only reduces test cases but is also used to perform efficient SPL testing. This study aimed to survey the latest research on SPL testing to identify useful methods and needs for future research.
  Keywords: software product line; SPL; feature model; testing; test suite reduction; TSR; test case reduction.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10067156
   
  
• Unveiling workplace dynamics: exploring the interplay of diversity, inclusion, workplace ostracism, and deviant behaviour  
  by Md. H. Asibur Rahman 
  Abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate the intricate interplay among diversity and inclusion initiatives, workplace ostracism, and organisational deviant behaviour, with a specific focus on the utility service sector in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. The study adopts a qualitative research method. Nine participants from the same sector undergo semi-structured interviews, and thematic analysis is employed to extract insights from interview transcripts, uncovering individual experiences and perspectives on workplace dynamics. The analysis reveals four themes: the conceptualisation of workplace diversity, inclusion, and ostracism; individual differences, culture, and organisational policies creating workplace ostracism; ostracism leading to workplace deviance and resilience; and organisational responsibilities and strategies to prevent deviance. The findings offer valuable insights for managers in effectively managing workplace diversity, inclusion, and behaviour, serving as a resource for organisations and practitioners. Finally, potential future research directions are explored, aiming to further enhance the understanding of these practices in organisational dynamics.
  Keywords: workplace ostracism; diversity; inclusion; workplace deviant behaviour; utility service.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10067240
   
  
• Influence of TPA service quality on customer satisfaction in the insurance industry: a PLS-SEM approach  
  by Dolly Mangla, Renu Aggarwal 
  Abstract: The article aims to investigate the effects of TPAs service quality in the health insurance sector on customer satisfaction in India. We gathered information from 220 respondents in the NCR using a snowball sampling technique. Using the partial least squares (PLS-SEM) approach, the relationships between service quality and insurants satisfaction were examined. The structural model was utilised to anticipate the relationships between variables. Composite reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity tests were conducted to examine the measurement model. The results showed that the assurance, reliability, and responsiveness of TPAs significantly and favourably affect the overall satisfaction of Indian health insurance clients. The results show that in order to enhance customer satisfaction, TPAs should concentrate on all aspects of service quality, with a focus on assurance, responsiveness, reliability, and empathy. With the studys findings, TPAs from various health insurance providers should be able to better understand how different aspects of service quality contribute to higher customer satisfaction.
  Keywords: customer satisfaction; CS; health insurance; TPAs; service quality.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10067330
   
  
• Understanding consumers behaviour to adopt technology in context to IoT enabled food delivery services  
  by Narinder Kaur, Shamily Jaggi 
  Abstract: Internet of things (IoT) enabled online food delivery services are starting to touch our daily lives and provide new, exciting services as a result of recent advancements in internet technology. An integrated model of the elements influencing customers adoption of IoT-enabled food delivery services is being developed and tested in the present research. Structural equation modelling was used to test the study model using data from 450 sample of Delhi/NCR (Indian) customers. Findings showed the impacts of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, personal innovativeness, traceability, social influence, and perceived behavioural control were strongly supported by the findings. Moreover, perceived ease of use was found to influence perceived usefulness, taking into account the technologys own viewpoints, the social setting, and specific user trait, the integrated model investigates the motivating variables that influence peoples propensity to utilise IoT enabled food delivery services.
  Keywords: internet of things; IoT; food delivery services; technology acceptance model; behavioural intention; personal innovativeness; social influence; traceability.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10067548
   
  
• Effect of relationship bonds on perceived switching costs and patronage intention in coffee shops  
  by Edward Shih-Tse Wang, Yi-Ting Lee, Yu-Ting Liao 
  Abstract: Although relationship bonds and switching costs are crucial factors affecting engagement and patronage intention, the effects of the three types of relationship bonds (financial, social, and structural) on the three types of switching costs (financial, procedural, and relational) and patronage intention remain unclear. Drawing on social exchange theory, this study investigated the effects of relationship bonds on perceived switching costs and patronage intention. Questionnaires were distributed on social media, and 648 members of coffee shops participated. Structural equation modelling was used for data analysis. The finding showed that social bonds affected the perceptions of financial, procedural, and relational switching costs. Financial bonds exerted a positive and significant effect on financial and relational switching costs. Structural bonds affected procedural and relational switching costs. Financial and relational switching costs affected patronage intention, but perceived procedural switching costs did not affect patronage intention.
  Keywords: relationship bond; switching cost; patronage intention; coffee shop.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10067730
   
  
• An exploration of utilising deep learning models in the realm of cyber-physical systems  
  by Maloth Sagar, Vanmathi Chandrasekaran 
  Abstract: Different attacks can trigger device failure, malfunction, etc. As such, the implementation of the cyber protection program for upcoming cyber physical systems (CPSs) can involve an enhanced security framework. The numerous cyber-detection systems focused on the deep learning algorithm was developed to identify and mitigate cyber-attacks of different types via CPSs, smart grids, power networks, etc. This paper provides a thorough analysis into various deep learning algorithms for cyber security implementations for CPSs. CPS fusion and agriculture may enhance food and environmental efficiency. Many researchers have therefore been carried out in this area to tackle problems, such as the shortage of information systems and networks, inadequate cooperation for a broader internet of thing solutions and complex shifts in internal or external technological conditions in precision agriculture. In this study, we concentrate on the creation of a method for improving prediction and tackle incorrect information due to the complex problem of precise farming. As an assessment, we first forecast a rainfall using weather sensor data and then the prediction effects are set as a supplement to prevent the effects of the surveillance system with water sprinkles.
  Keywords: cyber physical systems; CPS; deep learning; cyber security; water sprinkle surveillance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10067731
   
  
• An empirical study of investors attitude towards mobile stock trading platforms using structural equation modelling approach  
  by D.S. Chaubey, Manish Gurung, Praveen Singh, Mandeep Singh 
  Abstract: This research investigates the transformative impact of mobile stock trading platforms on financial markets, leveraging structural equation modelling (SEM) within the frameworks of Daviss technology acceptance model (TAM) and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). Analysing the intricate relationships among variables, the study reveals the significant role of attitudes in shaping investor acceptance and adoption of these platforms. Empirical findings highlight the direct positive relationship between attitudes towards mobile platforms and behavioural intentions, emphasising the crucial influence of favourable attitudes. In conclusion, this research provides comprehensive insights that bridge theoretical foundations with practical implications, offering valuable guidance for stakeholders in the financial technology sector, including financial institutions, policymakers, and platform developers, ultimately fostering a more informed and evolved environment for mobile stock trading platforms.
  Keywords: financial institutions; structural equation modelling; SEM; unified theory of acceptance and use of technology; UTAUT; mobile stock trading; behavioural intentions; social influence.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10067750
   
  
• Leveraging dark data analytics to decode demographic impact on face wash purchase behaviour in South Delhi  
  by Shivangi Priya, Samriti Mahajan, Jitin Gambhir, Praveen Kumar Pandey 
  Abstract: This study investigates how consumer demographics intersect with purchasing behaviours in South Delhis face wash FMCG segment, employing innovative dark data analytics. Advancements in technology, education, and economic growth have heightened consumer awareness of beauty, hygiene, and product quality. Despite narrow profit margins, FMCGs dominate local markets. By leveraging underutilised datasets, this research aims to reveal key factors influencing face wash purchases. Surveys of 75 South Delhi consumers show the primary demographic as males aged 25-35, with Masters degrees, gainful employment, earning between INR 20,000 and INR 40,000. Online shopping notably influences purchasing behaviours, with product quality as the primary brand selection criterion. Consumers demonstrate moderate awareness of dark data analytics, recognising its potential to enhance corporate insights into consumer behaviour. Top face wash brands include Himalaya, Mama Earth, and Nivea, reflecting consumer preferences in this urban market.
  Keywords: demographics; intersection; purchasing; harnessing; preferences; dark data; face wash; data analytics.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10067838
   
  
• Comprehensive insights into workplace incivility in the hospitality industry: forms, consequences, and strategies for a positive work environment  
  by E. Christopher Emmanuel, Madhumita Das 
  Abstract: This systematic literature review comprehensively explores workplace incivility in the hospitality industry, focusing on its diverse impacts in customer-to-employee, employee-to-customer, employee to employee and manager-to-employee interactions. Analysing 104 journal papers through established theoretical frameworks such as social exchange, attribution, frustration-aggression, conservation of resources, social identity, psychological contract, job demands-control, and deontic justice theories, the study employs a rigorous methodology with an emphasis on transparency. Addressing fundamental research questions, the review sheds light on the intricate dynamics of workplace incivility in the hospitality sector, offering insights and guidance for future research and interventions. The overarching aim is to cultivate positive work environments, enhance employee well-being, and contribute to organisational success in the competitive landscape of the hospitality industry. This review provides actionable recommendations to address the nuanced challenges associated with workplace incivility, emphasising the improvement of both employee welfare and organisational performance.
  Keywords: Incivility; Workplace incivility; Hospitality.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSEM.2024.10067964